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How cancers evolve?

Cancer cells constantly accrue a variety of genetic alterations

Subclones

arising from

founder clones

show heterogeneity in their

genetic makeup

Cancer cells are exposed to a variety of selection pressures induced by

decreased blood supply, hypoxia, and treatment-related effects

Resulting selection and expansion of

subclones

with genetic makeup

that is ideal for continued survival

Devarakonda S, Ann Oncol 2017