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60 Coal
Index
(page numbers in
italics
refer to photographs
and illustrations)
acid mine drainage (AMD), 52
acid rain, 51
age of coal, 9, 11, 16
“old” or “mature” coal, 14
“young” or “immature” coal, 13
amphibians,
11
anthracite (Carboniferous coal)
age of, 11
carbon content and heat (BTUs), 15
formation, 14–16
location of, 11, 34
Anthracite Coal Strike of 1902, 41
anthracite industry, 34
anti-coal campaigners, 43–44
area mining, 22–23
arsenic, 7, 16
auger mining, 23
automation, 38, 43
Big Muskie, 21
bituminous coal, 9
carbon content and heat (BTUs), 15
formation of, 13–14
location of, 38
metallurgic coal, creation of, 33
sub-bituminous coal (black lignite), 12–14,
15, 16, 38
bituminous coal industry, 34
boreholes, 18
sniffers, 20
test boreholes, 20–21
“bridge” energy source, natural gas, 54
bulk carrier ships, 31
“buried sunshine,” 16
Canada
coal industry, 38, 43, 48, 53, 54
coal reserves, 14
greenhouse gas emissions, regulations to
reduce, 54
mining disasters, 53
Morden Mine (Vancouver Island),
15
Springhill Mine (Nova Scotia, Canada),
25
strikes by miners, 41
Weyburn Project, 48
William Davis Miners’ Memorial Day
(Canada), 41
carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology,
approaches, 48–49
carbon content and heat (BTUs) contained in
coal, 15
carbon dioxide.
See also
greenhouse gas
emissions
formation of, 31–32
reduction technologies, 48–49
Carboniferous animals, 11
Carboniferous coal.
See
anthracite
(Carboniferous coal)
Carboniferous period, 9, 11, 16
Carboniferous plants,
10,
11
China
coal industry, production, 38, 44
smog (Shanghai),
49
coal bed methane, 35
coal dredging, 23
coal dust, 40, 51, 53
coalfields, 19
coal gasification process, 35–36, 48
coalification stages, 12–16
anthracite and graphite, 14–16
bituminous coal, 13–14
peat and lignite, 12–13
coal industry, 38–44
automation, 38, 43
bituminous coal industry, 34
Canada, 38, 43, 48, 53, 54
China, 38, 44,
49
coal gasification process, 35–36, 48
dangers, 40–43
exportation trends, 43–44
fracking, 38, 43