63 / 66
61
greenhouse gas emissions, 7, 31–33, 46,
47–48, 53, 54
importing coal, 43
Mexico, 14, 38
modern trends, 38, 43–44
“ready-made” coal production (Wyoming), 35
strikes by miners, 41, 43
top 10 coal-producing nations, 44
US coal production, 39, 41, 43
coal products, 35–36
coal seam gases (CSGs), 35
coal seam methane, 35–36
coal seams mining,
19,
21, 22, 23, 25, 35–36
coal times and places, 16
coal-to-liquids (CTL) process, 36
coking coal, 33–34
Colombia, 43, 44
continuous mining, 24
cordaitales,
10,
11
Cretaceous Period,
16
Davis, William, 41
deep coal mines.
See
underground (deep) mining
destructive distillation process, 33
direct coal-to-liquids (CTL) process, 36
“dirty” coal, 7, 49–51
acid rain, 51
liquid waste, open-pit coal mine,
50
smog (Shanghai, China),
49
dragline excavators, 21,
22
dredging, 23
drift mine, 23
dust, 40, 51, 53
Earth’s natural magnetic field, 20
Edison, Thomas, 39
electricity generating power plants.
See
power
plants
electrostatic precipitators, 32–33
excavators, 18
Big Muskie, 21
dragline excavators, 21,
22
exportation trends, 43–44
ferns,
10,
11, 13
finding coal, 19–21
firedamp, 13, 52–53
fire salamander,
11
first power plant in North America, 39
flue gases, 28, 31–32
carbon reduction, 48
formation of coal, 9–16
fossil fuels, 9, 33, 43, 47
fracking, 38, 43
future of coal, 53–54
glaciers,
47
global warming, 7, 47
gravimeters, 20
greenhouse gas emissions, 7, 46, 47–48
carbon dioxide, 47
carbon reduction technologies, 48–49
global warming, 47
methane, 47–48
power plants, 31–33
reduction of, 53, 54
regulations to reduce emissions, 54
griffinflies,
11
heavy metals, 51
arsenic and mercury, 7, 16
Hillcrest Mine (Canada), 53
horsetail fern,
10,
11
hydraulic fracturing, 38, 43
ice caps,
47
“immature” coal, 13
importing coal, 43
Industrial Revolution, 39, 54
inertite, 16
integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC)
plants, 48–49
iron production, 33–34
Jindrich II Mine (Czech Republic), 25
Jurassic period, 16
labor disputes, miners, 40–43
Index