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example, cost an additional USD 42 million due to a
massive landslide in 2008 (UNEP, 2014).
While future reductions in rainfall due to climate
change pose a threat to hydropower developments
in much of Africa, East Africa’s predicted increase
in rainfall means that the outlook for hydropower
potential in the subregion is good. At the same
time, it will be important for East Africa to ensure a
diversity of energy sources (CDKN, 2014). According
to a World Bank-sponsored study (Ebinger and
Vergara, 2011), East Africa’s over-dependency on
hydropower for electricity, comprising over 80 per
cent of the subregion’s electricity generation, makes
it particularly vulnerable to climate change.
Blue Nile Falls, Ethiopia