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The second objective should seek to promote

and facilitate the formation or strengthening of

institutional arrangements directly addressing

sustainable mountain ecosystem development at all

levels of governance, including the establishment of

coordination centres and the designation of focal

points, through actions that may include:

• Reviewing existing institutional arrangements

and governance mechanisms and identifying

weaknesses or gaps requiring action for

establishing institutions and/or strengthening

their operations to more effectively address

sustainable mountain ecosystem development;

• Developing frameworks and guidelines for

strengthening institutional governance systems

including establishing new ones where necessary;

• Facilitating and coordinating the development

and strengthening of institutional arrangements

both within countries and at the transnational

level; and

• Establishing and operationalizing a regional

framework for monitoring and evaluation of

institutional coordination and collaboration on

mountain issues.

The third objective should seek to integrate both

formal and informal systems and norms of governance

at subnational, national and transnational levels,

through actions such as:

• Formulating policy frameworks, guidelines and

mechanisms to enable the integration of formal

and informal systems and norms; and

• Mobilizing resources to operationalize and facilitate

policy harmonization and integration processes.

Increased investment in mountain

development and conservation, and an

end to the consistent marginalization

of the mountain ecosystems and

communities

Levels of investment in the remote mountainous areas

of East Africa remain low; preference tends to be given

to more accessible lowland areas. In adherence to the

principle of social equity and given the potential for

resource development in mountain areas, there is need

to reverse this trend and bring an end to the neglect and

marginalization of mountain areas and communities.

This calls for increased investment in mountain

development and conservation, including the

mobilization of resources for mountain-specific

programmes. In order to clearly determine how

much mountain areas have benefited from overall

national investment, disaggregation of country level

investment from public private partnerships and

Public Investment Programmes is required, to avoid

further marginalization.

Proposed interventions relating to investment should

firstly seek to promote increased investment in

mountain areas through developing an appreciation

of the importance, uniqueness and potential of

mountain ecosystems, resources and communities;

and increased investment in the development

and implementation of relevant programmes and

projects, through actions that may include:

• Assessments to evaluate and determine the

potential of mountain ecosystems for conservation

and development investments;

• Development of mechanisms for lobbying high-

level political leaders and policymakers on the

importance of mountain issues and the need to

designate mountain regions as areas for priority

investment; and

Kikuyu couple, Thomson Falls, Kenya