70
A central component in preventing loss of biodiversity and
ecosystem services, such as provisioning of water, from
expanding agricultural production is to limit the trade-off
between economic growth and biodiversity by stimulating
agricultural productivity and more efficient land use. Fur-
ther enhancement of agricultural productivity (‘closing the
yield gap’) is the key factor in reducing the need for land
and, consequently, the rate of biodiversity loss (CBD, 2008).
This option should be implemented carefully in order to
not cause additional undesired effects, such as emissions
of excess nutrients and pesticides and land degradation.
An increase in protected areas and change towards more
eco-agricultural cropping systems and sustainable meat
production could have immediate positive effects on both
biodiversity and water resource management, while increas-
ing revenues from tourism (CBD, 2008).
Loss of global biodiversity with unsustain-
able conventional expansion of cropland
Figure 26: Projected land use changes, 1700–2050.
(Source: IMAGE).