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CYIL 7 ȍ2016Ȏ
INTERNATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND ADMINISTRATIVE ACTS…
uniformity of these proceedings, creating another challenge for future legislative
developments in this area.
2.
8. Transterritorial effects of national administrative acts represent another
particular visionary feature mentioned by
Karl Neumeyer.
52
It is matter of fact that
these effects were a subject of interest for several other scholars of administrative
law.
Prospero Fedozzi
53
and
Giuseppe Biscottini
54
presented an overview of acts
having transterritorial effects in their works on international administrative law.
In principle, the following cases of horizontal transterritorial decision making
were identified in these works: (a) administrative acts issued by state authorities
with respect to a territory occupied by military force, or with respect to a
terra
nullius,
(b) administrative acts having horizontal transterritorial effects based on
provisions of applicable bilateral or multilateral international agreement (cases of
a recognition
ex contractu
or
ex lege
), (c) cases, where effects of administrative acts
are grandfathered by an international agreement providing for a change of state
border,
55
(d) administrative acts which have been formally recognised by another
sovereign state (cases of a recognition
ex actu
), (e) administrative acts which
are addressed to a subject enjoying an “extratrerritorial” status in the host state
(an act promoting a diplomatic
attaché
is given as an example for this category
by academic literature
56
), (f ) administrative acts which are delivered to a subject
which, while dwelling in the territory of foreign state, is at the same time subject
to obligation under domestic law (the cases of an
apparent
transterritoriality
57
),
(g) administrative acts having horizontal transterritorial effects of a purely
technical
52
NEUMEYER, K.
Internationales Verwaltungsrecht, Vierter Band: Allgemeiner Teil,
Verlag für Recht und
Gesellschaft AG, Zurich, 1936, pp. 299
et seq.
53
FEDOZZI, P.
Il diritto amministrativo internazionale: nozioni sistematiche
, UnioneTipo-grafica Cooperativa,
Perugia, 1901, pp. 163
et seq.
54
BISCOTTINI, G.
Diritto amministrativo internazionale
, Vol. 2, Casa Editrice dott. Antonio Milani,
Padova, 1966, pp. 505
et seq.
55
In this respect,
Karl Neumeyer
points out the following provisions of the German – Polish Agreement on
Upper Silesia (1922): „
Unbeschadet der Bestimmungen des Artikel 256 des Friedensvertrages von Versailles
werden Deutschland und Polen die Rechte aller Art und insbesondere die Konzessionen und Privilegien, die vor
dem Übergange der Staatshoheit von natürlichen Personen, Gesellschaften oder juristischen Personen erworben
worden sind, auf ihrem Teile des Abstimmungsgebiets nach Massgabe der für sie geltenden Gesetze und der
nachfolgenden Bestimmungen annerkennen und achten
.
Polen behält sich für die Dauer von sechs Monaten
nach dem Übergange der Staatshoheit das Recht vor, die nach dem 20. Oktober 1921 erteilte Konzessionen und
Privilegien zu entziehen, falls der Berechtigte nicht auf Erfordern der zuständigen polnischen Behörde darlegen
kann, dass die Erteilung im Rahmen einer ordnungmässigen Verwaltung erfolgt ist.“
56
VEROSTA, S.
Exterritorialität
, in: Strupp, K., Schlochauer, H.
(eds.) Wörterbuch des Völkerrechts, De
Gruyter, Berlin, 1960, pp. 501
et seq.
57
BEITZKE, G.
Extraterritoriale Wirkung von Hoheitsakten
, in: STRUPP, K., SCHLOCHAUER, H.
(eds.) Wörterbuch des Völkerrechts, De Gruyter, Berlin, 1960, pp. 505
et seq.