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for ADAS the applicable standard is
ISO 26262. This standard defines
a number of Automotive Safety
Integrity Levels (A-SIL) which defines
the time to failure in hours. There
are four levels of A-SIL with D being
the highest and most difficult to
achieve and A the lowest. Achieving
these requirements requires an
integrated engineering delivery
lifecycle to ensure not only the target
A-SIL is achieved, but the data pack
generated also demonstrates this by
containing the necessary evidence.
Automotiveapplications are subject to
harsh environments, and as such the
developers need to ensure they use
automotive grade components, for
instance one certified to AEC-Q100,
which has been manufactured and
qualified to a higher standard than
commercial components.
They must also consider the security
of the system that is preventing
un-authorised people from making
modifications to the system, as this
could potentially lead to catastrophic
results.
Using an All Programmable SoC
Zynq support for Any to Any interfacing with sensors and consumers
Automotive
Special Edition
pipeline can be generated using a
number of provided IP libraries and
more specialist IP cores supplied by
specialist vendors reducing the time
to market.
Should we want to develop additional
algorithms we can utilize the suite
of High Level Synthesis tools like
Vivado® HLS, SDSoC™ and Matlab
to accelerate the development.
Rather than developing the IP using
a traditional Hardware Description
Language like VHDL or Verilog we
can use a higher level language like C
or C++ reducing the time to market.
Further acceleration of the algorithm
can be achieved using open source
frameworks like OpenCV, algorithms
developed using this framework can
be mapped into a HLS video library
supported by both Vivado HLS and
SDSoC. This eases the transition from
proof of concept and demonstration
to the algorithms running in the
target hardware for characterisation
and qualification.
Many implemented architectures
will use the processor DDR memory
as a frame buffer, this enables the
processor to access the images
as necessary for further onwards
transmission if using an Ethernet
based system or PCIe for example.
We can also use the power of
the processor system to perform
additional
image
processing
algorithms upon the images stored
within the DDR before re-insertion
into the image processing chain is
necessary.
This provides a very interesting
capability that the SoC itself can form
its own prototype and demonstration
platform. Using common embedded
vision development frameworks
like OpenCV running on the cores
within the processor, this provides
for a down to size prototype
system. This system can then be
optimised for performance using the
programmable logic side of the SoC.
Safety and Security
The very nature of ADAS is that it
contributes to automotive safety,
and as such systems must be
developed in line with a standard like
many other high reliability systems,
48 l New-Tech Magazine Europe