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Off-line observational studies
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Study
(year)
n
Imaging technique
Margins applied to bladder
(CTV)
Number of patients in
whom bladder
excursions were
encompassed by target
volume used
Ant Post Sup Inf
Lat
Sur et al.,
(1993)
90
Planning CT,
repeated halfway
through treatment
1.0-2.0 isotropic
80%
Turner et
al., (1997)
30
Planning CT,
repeated weekly
through treatment
1.5-2.0 isotropic
67%
(33% had at least one
incidence of wall
movement >15 mm)
Harris et al.,
(1998)
20
Planning CT,
repeated halfway
through and end of
treatment
1.0-2.0 isotropic
80%
Pos et al.,
(2003)
17
Planning CT,
repeated weekly
through treatment
1.5-2.0 isotropic
35%
(71%, GTV received at
least 95% of dose on
weekly scans)
Muren et al.,
(2003)
20
Planning CT, weekly
CT (and EPI)
2.0 1.4 2.0 1.0
1.1
(L)
0.8
(R)
84%
3 PTVs created