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P
V
d
dx
dE
O)P(
)P(D
c
c
c
) /S()P(
dx
dE
)P(
)P(D
(P)
Consider parallel beam from certain direction
(without loss of generality)
O
V
d
cross-section O [m
2
] of V
Intermezzo to introduce ionometric standards (III)
V in
medium of
mass
electron
passing
per V in
loss
energy
mean V
passing
electrons
#
) (
PD