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• Spoiled, malodorous or leaking transportation equipment must be rejected.
• The cargo must be positioned on the front wall if the weight distribution
allows it.
• Heavy objects must be loaded on the bottom, light ones on the top.
• All handling markings must be obeyed.
• The empty space between the goods must be filled.
• The weight must be distributed evenly.
• Air circulation must be ensured into the cargo room.
• All the goods for the same receiver should be loaded at the same place.
• Dangerous goods must be placed near the doors, valuable goods far away.
An example: The sender had loaded heavy pallets containing steel objects into a
container and put them at the centre of the container. Because of the uneven distribution
of the weight the container bent when lifted.
Good support of the cargo is beneficial to the sender’s interests. Because the sender
is familiar to the properties of the goods, he is sending he can do the supporting correctly.
The sender should assist the carrier in every possible way by participating in the loading
and supporting or providing of supporting material. When the loading and supporting is
completed, the cargo room should be locked and/or sealed. The price of a lock or seal is
very small compared with the value of the cargo inside the cargo room. The lock or seal has
a preventive effect against thefts. The transportation documents must contain the number
of the lock or seal, so the originality of the lock or seal can be verified.
An example: Tea was shipped from Great Britain to Finland and frequently some
cargo was missing. The seals were intact and the numbers indicated them to be installed
by the sender. It was attempted to prove that the disappearance of the cargo happened
in Finland, but the evidence of the seals helped to reject these accusations. After more
careful inspection of the matter, the activities of a cargo stealing gang operating at the
sender’s warehouse was discovered.
5.2.5 Shipment documentation
To prevent delays at the border stations or terminals, the sender must look that
the correct and sufficient documents are sent in time to the material handling points.
The receiver informs the sender about the amount of documents required and the sender
must deliver those in time. When shipping dangerous goods, it is especially crucial to
include all required documents, which are as follows:
• Freight Bill in which after the name of the material must be on domestic
traffic code (for example in Finnish VAK) and on the international traffic
code ADR and names and addresses of both the sender and the receiver.
• Security Instruction Card, on domestic traffic with domestic language(s) and
on international traffic with the transit- and destination countries languages.
• Documents required for sea transportation: Container/Trailer Packing
Certificate, FoA document.
All special instructions must be written on the transportation documents.
These kinds of special instructions can be transportation temperature, the handling
instructions of unusual packages or special requirements of the transportation route.