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266
MANUFACTURE
OF
VINEGAR.
of
the
atmosphere,
and
becomes
aldehyd,
composed
of
four
equals
of
carbon,
four of
hydrogen,
and
two
of
oxygen.
This,
by
the
absorption
of
two
equals
of
oxygen,
becomes
four
equals
of
carbon,
four
of
hydrogen,
and
four
of
oxygen,
that
is,
hydrated
acetic
acid.
Thus
the
conversion
of
alcohol
into
acetic
acid,
consists
in,
first,
the
removal
of
two
equals
of
hydrogen,
and
afterwards
the
addition
of
two
equals
of
oxygen.
Aldehyd
is
a
colorless,
very
in-
flammable,
ethereal
liquid,
having
a
pungent
taste
and
smell.
Its
density
is
0*79.
It
absorbs
oxygen
with
avidity,
and
is
thus
converted
into
acetic
acid,
as
just
described.
Its
name
alludes
to
its
relations
to
alcohol
ALCOHOL
dehydrogenated.
Having
stated
one
of the
most
important
conside-
rations
in
the^
economy
of
the
manufacture
of
vine-
gar,
viz.
its
rapid
formation,
the
minor
consi
dera-
tions
will
be
briefly
noticed.
And
probably
this
could
not
be
more
effectually
performed
than
by
contrasting
the
two
processes.
Take
a well
ai
ranged
vinegar
manufacturing
esta-
blishment
of
the
old
style,
one
that
is
capable
of
turn-
ing
out
forty
barrels
of
vinegar
daily,
and
from
>even
to
ten
operators
will
be
necessary
to
conduct
the
process,
to
say
nothing
of
the
appurtenances,
in
the
form
of
vats, tuns,
cisterns,
coolers,
heaters,
hydro*
lueters,
thermometers,
kettles,
boilers,
furnaces,
&c.,