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Preface
Executive summary
Introduction
Objectives
Methodology
The GLOBIO method
Piecemeal urban and infrastructure development
Urban development
Rural upland areas in temperate hills
Wilderness areas and high-altitude steppe
Arid lowland areas
Lowland and mountainous tropical areas
Water resources affected by development
Extent of ecosystems with reduced biodiversity as a result of development
Piecemeal development intensify land use
Piecemeal development is taking great tolls on biodiversity
Intensified land use impacts water resources
Infrastructure development and poverty
Cumulative impacts of land use and climate change on biodiversity
Protected areas and policy needs
Conclusion
References
Appendix 1. The GLOBIO 2.0 methodology – infrastructure scenarios
Appendix 2. The GLOBIO 3.0 model framework – integrating multiple pressures
The fall of the water
Emerging threats to the water resources and
biodiversity at the roof of the world to Asia’s lowland
from land-use changes associated with large-scale
settlement and piecemeal development
Printed November 2004 by Birkeland Trykkeri, Norway. Photos courtesy of Topham/UNEP and ICIMOD.
Disclaimer
The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory
organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any
opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any
country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.