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Front Cover 		1
Table of Contents 		3
Preface 		4
Executive summary 		5
Introduction 		6
Objectives 		8
Methodology 		9
The GLOBIO method 		9
Piecemeal urban and infrastructure development 		10
Urban development 		12
Rural upland areas in temperate hills 		13
Wilderness areas and high-altitude steppe 		14
Arid lowland areas 		15
Lowland and mountainous tropical areas 		16
Water resources affected by development 		19
Extent of ecosystems with reduced biodiversity as a result of development 		20
Piecemeal development intensify land use 		22
Piecemeal development is taking great tolls on biodiversity 		22
Intensified land use impacts water resources 		26
Infrastructure development and poverty 		27
Cumulative impacts of land use and climate change on biodiversity 		29
Protected areas and policy needs 		31
Conclusion 		32
References 		33
Appendix 1. The GLOBIO 2.0 methodology – infrastructure scenarios 		36
Appendix 2. The GLOBIO 3.0 model framework – integrating multiple pressures 		38
Back Cover 		40
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