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First appearance
Schoknecht, G. (1971). "Die Beschreibung von Strahlenfeldern durch Separierung von Primär- und Streustrahlung IV. Berechnung von
Streuverteilungen für parallele Photonenstrahlenfelder." Strahlentherapie 141(3): 326-331.
Equivalent field derivation
Bjärngard, B. E. and R. L. Siddon (1982). "A note on equivalent circles, squares, and rectangles." Medical Physics 9(2): 258-260.
How to apply in TPS
Mohan, R. and C. S. Chui (1987). "Use of fast Fourier transforms in calculating dose distributions for irregularly shaped fields for three-dimensional
treatment planning." Med Phys 14(1): 70-77.
Ahnesjö, A., M. Saxner and A. Trepp (1992). "A pencil beam model for photon dose calculation." Med Phys 19(2): 263-273.
Oncentra
Bourland, J. D. and E. L. Chaney (1992). "A finite-size pencil beam model for photon dose calculations in three dimensions." Medical Physics 19(6):
1401-1412.
Bortfeld, T., W. Schlegel and B. Rhein (1993). "Decomposition of pencil beam kernels for fast dose calculations in three-dimensional treatment
planning." Medical Physics 20(2): 311-318.
Voxelplan, RayStation
Storchi, P. and E. Woudstra (1996). "Calculation of the absorbed dose distribution due to irregularly shaped photon beams using pencil beam kernels
derived form basic beam data." Physics in Medicine & Biology 41(4): 637-656.
Cadplan
Ulmer, W. and Harder, D. (1995) ”A Triple Gaussian Pencil Beam Model for Photon Beam Treatment Planning”, Zeit. Med. Physik 5 25–30
AAA
Tillikainen, L. Siljamäki, L., Helminen, H., Alakuijala, J., and Pyyry, J., (2007) ”Determination of parameters for a multiple-source model of
megavoltage photon beams using optimization methods” Phys. Med. Biol. 52 1441–1467
AAA
Optimization vehicle
Gustafsson, A., B. K. Lind and A. Brahme (1994). "A generalized pencil beam algorithm for optimization of radiation therapy." Medical Physics 21(3):
343-356.
Limitations
Knöös, T., A. Ahnesjö, P. Nilsson and L. Weber (1995). "Limitations of a pencil beam approach to photon dose calculations in lung tissue." Phys Med
Biol 40(9): 1411-1420.
Experimental kernel data
Ceberg, C. P., B. E. Bjarngard and T. C. Zhu (1996). "Experimental determination of the dose kernel in high-energy x-ray beams." Medical Physics
23(4): 505-511.
QA usage
Nyholm, T., J. Olofsson, A. Ahnesjö and M. Karlsson (2006). "Photon pencil kernel parameterisation based on beam quality index." Radiother Oncol
78(3): 347-351.
Probalistic planning
Tilly, D. and A. Ahnesjö (2015). "Fast dose algorithm for generation of dose coverage probability for robustness analysis of fractionated radiotherapy."
Physics in Medicine and Biology 60(14): 5439-5454.