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coastal plain has been a major area of settlement and economic activity since
colonial times. Twelve of the country’s state capitals are located along it. The
plain widens in the southern part of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and extends
into Argentina.
Much of the rest of Brazil lies between 700 feet (214 meters) and 2,600 feet
(793 meters) in elevation. The Brazilian Highlands, an enormous block of
geologically ancient rocks, occupies most of the southern half of the country.
The mountain ranges that run through parts of the highlands include the Serra
da Mantiqueira, the Serra do Espinhaço, the Chapada Diamantina, and the
Serra do Mar. The Serra do Mar forms a sharp edge along the coast from Rio
de Janeiro south for about 600 miles (966 km) into the state of Santa Catarina.
Some cliffs stand 2,600 feet (793 meters) above the shore. Behind the Serra do
Mar, an extensive plateau reaches through the state of São Paulo and into the
southern states.
Giant of South America 11
A view of Rio de Janeiro, including Copacabana Beach. The coastal cities of
Brazil enjoy warm temperatures all year.