414 / 462
GAZETTE
DECEMBER 1991
C o u r t has also held t h a t
" I n a p p l y i ng n a t i o n al l aw a nd
p a r t i c u l a r ly t h o s e p r o v i s i o ns of
n a t i o n al l aw e s pe c i a l ly intro-
d u c e d t o g i v e e f f e c t t o a
Directive, t h e n a t i o n al c o u rt is
b o u n d t o i n t r ep r et its n a t i o n al
l aw in t he light of t he t e xt a nd of
t h e a i m of t he D i r e c t i ve t o r e a ch
t h e result e n v i s a g ed by A r t i c le
1 89 (3) of t h e T r e a t y .
2 3
"
T h e d e c i s i on of t h e C o u rt in t h e
Emmott
c a se t o r e f u se t o a l l ow
M e m b e r S t a t es t o rely o n t i me
limits w h e r e t he M e m b er S t a te had
n o t c o r r e c t ly i m p l e m e n t ed t h e
D i r e c t i ve w i ll ma ke it mo re d i f f i c u lt
f or d e f a u l t i ng M e m b e r S t a t es t o
r enege o n t he ir o b l i g a t i o ns u n d er
EC D i r e c t i v es a nd w i ll i n c r ea se t h e
e f f e c t i v e n e ss of t h i s f o r m of
C o mm u n i t y l e g i s l a t i o n .
2 4
•
NOTES
1. Article 2 of the Directive.
2. Article 3 of the Directive. In
accordance with Article 3(2) the
Directive does not apply to survivors
or family benefits.
3. Social Welfare Act, 1986 and the
Social Welfare (No. 2) Act, 1985
(Section 6 ) (Commencement) Order,
1986 - S.I. No. 173 of 1986.
4 . Social Welfare (No. 2) Act, 1985
(Commencement) Order - S.I. No.
365 of 1986. This legislative change
also allowed married women to claim
unemployment assistance.
5. Sections 3 and 4 of the Social
Welfare (No. 2) Act, 1985; Social
Welfare
(Normal
Residence)
Regulations, 1986 - S.I. No. 367 of
1986; Social Welfare (Adult
Dependant) Regulations, 1986 - S.I.
No. 369 of 1986. Briefly, these
provisions provided that a spouse
was to be treated as an adult
dependant only if s/he was neither
in receipt of a social welfare payment
in his or her own right nor had an
earned income of more than £50
(now £55) per week. Where the
spouse of a married claimant was
not dependent on him or her, the
claimant received only half the
relevant child dependant allowance.
6 . Social Welfare (Preservation of
Rights) (No. 2) Regulations - S.I. No.
422 of 1986 - subsequently
amended and extended on several
occasions.
7. Case 286/85
McDermott & Cotter -
v- Minister for Social Welfare and the
Attorney General [
1987] E.C.R. 1453.
8 . Following its judgment in Case 71/85
Netherlands -v FNV
[1986] E.C.R.
3855.
9. Mc.Dermott
-v- Minister for Social
Welfare and anor; Cotter -v- Minister
for Social Welfare and anor [
1990] 2
CMLR 94, 141. See Whyte ed. Sex
Equality, Community Rights and Irish
Social Welfare Law, ICEL No. 2
1 0. Case C - 3 7 7 / 89
Cotter
and
McDermott
-v- Minister for Social
Welfare and the Attorney
General,
Judgment of 13 March 1991 not yet
reported. See Whyte and O'Dell,
Welfare,
Women
and
Unjust
Enrichment
- Cotter
McDermott
No. 2
I.L.J, forthcoming.
11. Fn. 9
supra.
1 2. Point 19 of the judgement.
13. Point 21.
14. Points 24 and 25.
1 5. Irish Times 10 June, 1991.
1 6\ Case C-208/90
Emmott-v-
Minister
for Social Welfare and the Attorney
General,
Judgement of 25 July,
1991 not yet reported.
1 7. Case 33/76
Rewe-Zentralfinanz AG
and
Rewe-Zentral
AG
-v-
Landwirtschaftskammer
fur das
Saarland
[1976] E.C.R. 1989 and
Case 199/82
Amministrazione delle
Finanze del to Stato -v- San Giogio
SpA
[1983] E.C.R. 3595.
1 8 . Opinion of Advocate General Mischo
23 April, 1991.
1 9 . Point 17 of the judgement.
2 0 . Points 18 and 19.
2 1. Points 21 and 22.
2 2. Case 8/81
Becker [
1982] E.C.R. 53.
2 3. Case 80/86
Kilpinghuis
Nijmegen
[1987] E.C.R. 3969.
2 4 . See also the judgment of the Court
in Case
C - 3 1 / 90
Johnson,
Judgement of 11 July, 1991, not yet
reported, in which the Court held
that national legislation which made
entitlement to a benefit subject to
the submission of a claim in respect
of a previous discriminatory benefit
which had since been abolished and
which, in practice, many female
claimants would not have been
entitled to, was in breach of the
Directive.
•
Den i s C. Gu e r in
New York Attorney at Law
Solicitor Law Society Dublin
(Admitted 1981)
Native Killarney, County Kerry.
Legal A d v i ce and A s s i s t a n ce on
Wills, I nhe r i t an c e s, Family
Sea r c he s, t h r o u g h o ut the U.S.A.
Spe c i a l i s i ng in I mm i g r a t i o n,
Personal Injury,
P r o p e r ty T r ansac t i ons, Divorces,
Wills, etc.
2 5 We st 3 9 t h S t r eet
N ew York NY 10018
Telephone:
Days: 212 3 9 8 9 2 3 8
Evenings: 212 7 9 6 0 9 7 0
Fax: 212 3 91 6 9 17
The Late District
Justice Sean O'Hanrahan
This photograph of the late District Justice
Sean O'Hanrahan (23 January, 1889 - 13th
November,
1955) was supplied by his
widow,
Maire O'Hanrahan,
with
the
following
caption:-
"District
Justices
appointed
by the
Provisional Government in 1922 were made
permanent in 1924 and then wore the cap
and gown shown in the photograph. The cap
was discarded after a few years".
Solicitors Walk
for M.S.
Last May, f o ur s o l i c i t o rs w e re
a m o n g 6 7 p e o p le f r om all over
Ireland w h o s et o u t o n a 2 0 0 mile
w a l k f or 14 d a ys in N o r t h e rn Sp a in
in order t o raise m o n ey f or t he
M u l t i p l e S c l e r o s is S o c i e t y of
Ireland. T h e f o ur solicitors, J o h n
L i nd s ay a nd J a m e s C o n l on f r om
Dub l i n, D e r m ot Mo r r i s s e y - Mu r p hy
f r om L i me r i ck a nd Ray He n n e s sy
f r om Cork, ea ch raised over £ 2 , 0 0 0
in m u c h needed s pon s o r s h ip for t he
So c i e t y.
T h e w a l k t o o k t h e g r o up over o ne
of t h e m o s t s p e c t a c u l ar
a n d
h i s t o r i c al r eg i ons of Sp a in a c r o ss
t h e C a n t a b r i an M o u n t a i ns a nd
t h r o u g h t h e a n c i e nt c i t i es of
Pamp l o na a nd Leon.
T h e Mu l t i p le Sc l e r o s is S o c i e ty is
o r g a n i s i ng a n o t h er Sp a n i sh w a l k
n e xt year. A n y s o l i c i t or w h o w o u l d
like t o j o in t h e g r o up ma y o b t a in
f u r t h e r i n f o r ma t i on f r om
Lorna
Mitchell
of t h e Mu l t i p le Sc l e r o s is
So c i e t y, 2 S a n d y m o u nt Green,
Du b l in 4. Tel: 01 - 2 6 9 4 5 9 9 .
•
396