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Use of violence to access and clear cut the area
Bribing local o cers and police
Ignore laws and regulations
Report and declare false gures
Ten ways to conduct illegal logging
Logging without
regular concession
Agricultural expansion by
small-scale farmers
Cattle ranching and soy
production
Logging in con ict
zones
Logging with forged or re-used
permits
Establishing, expanding
and cutting beyond
plantation
Protected area
Logging in protected areas
Widening road corridors,
mining or other felling without
a permit
Logging in excess of
permit or concession
quotas
Obtaining logging permits
illegally
Logging concession
Unprotected area
Biofuel plantation
Source: Personal communication with
Christian Nellemann, UNEP/GRID-Arendal