Microsoft PowerPoint - L00 Introduction

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CTV reduction: sphincter
Anal canal inclusion in CTV incontinence
Anal canal
in CTV
Y N p
incontinence 93% 65% 0.059
Lange MM et J Surg 2007
Nijkamp et al IJROBP 2011
Bujiko Multidisciplinary Management of Rectal Cancer 2012
Inferior limit avoid anal
sphincter and IRF when not
invaded
DISTAL MARGIN from the tumor
High T + 4 cm margin of mesorectum
mid-low entire mesorectum