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How to Prove the Benefit of Protons or Other Technology?



Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are the golden standard to proof benefit

of competitive treatments

Technology evolves fast and when the outcomes are published the

technique has already been outdated

Events are rare or delayed (secondary tumors, cardiac morbidity)

Equipoise is missing if the “experimental” technique is only meant to

reduce side effects or the induction of secondary tumors (ALARA: less

is better)