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• GAZETTE

JANUARY/FEBRUARY 1988

the other hand, is an "interest in

expectancy" as defined and is ac-

cordingly not " p r ope r t y" for the

purposes of the once-off in-

heritance tax of 3% imposed by

s.103(1) FA 1986: s.106(3) FA

1984 and s. 103(3) FA 1986.

"Policies of assurance upon

human life" are not property to

which the holder becomes "en-

titled in possession" until the

policy either "ma t u r es" or is "sur-

rendered for a consideration in

money or money's worth: s.32(1)

CATA 1976.

It follows from paras, (a) and (b)

of s. 106(3) FA 1984 and s. 103(3)

FA 1986 that when the interests

referred to in para, (a) cease to be

"interests in expectency" and the

policies of assurance upon human

life referred to in para, (b) either

"ma t u r e" or are "surrendered" as

mentioned in s.32(1) CATA 1976

they then become " p r ope r t y" for

the purposes of s. 106(1) and

s. 103(1). This may well result in an

immediate liability to inheritance

tax at 3% by reason of s. 106( 1) (a)

FA 1986 if at that point the

"disponer" in relation to the dis-

cretionary trust is dead and there

are no "principal objects" under

the age of 25 years (see Example

(9) below).

"Discretionary Trusts"

This expression has been amend-

ed by s. 105 FA 1984 to include not

only conventional discretionary

trusts, under which trusts or

powers relating to the distribution

of trust property are vested in

trustees or others exercisable at

their discretion, but also trusts

under which property is held upon

trust to accumulate the trust income

as an addition to the trust property.

The new definition is not as

bizarre as might appear at first

glance. In Ireland, where neither

the Accummulation Act 1800 nor

its modern equivalent s. 166(1)

Law of Property Act 1925 applies,

trust income can normally be

accumulated throughout the entire

trust period of a life in being and 21

years t he r ea f t e r. The former

definition of "discretionary t r us t"

in s.2(1) CATA 1976 did not

extend to an accumulation trust,

and such a trust accordingly

enabled the vesting in possession

of trust property to be postponed

until the end of the trust period in

the same way as a conventional

discretionary t r us t. The new

definition extends the provisions of

s. 106(1) FA 1984 and s. 103(1) FA

1986 to accumulation trusts as

we ll

as

to

conven t i onal

discretionary trusts.

Valuation Date

The date upon which property

subject to a discretionary trust is to

be valued for the purposes of the

once-off inheritance tax of 3%

payable by reason of s. 106(1) FA

1984 is defined in s. 107(b) to be

the later of:-

(i)the "da te of the inheritance",

as determined by whichever is

appropriate of paras, (a), (b) or

(c) of s. 106(1) FA 1984, or

(ii)the "valuation da t e" of the

inheritance deemed under

s. 106(1) FA 1984 to have been

t aken by the t r ust itself,

ascertained in accordance with

s.21 CATA 1976.

In most cases, the appropriate

date will be " t he date of the

i n h e r i t a n c e" de t e rmi ned by

reference to s. 106(1) FA 1986.

The operation of s. 107(b) is best

illustrated by specific examples:-

Example (8)

In 1960 A settles property upon

discretionary trusts for the benefit

J. & E. DAVY

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