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6
Primary Vector
multiple
mosquito species
h
Epizootic VEE Transmission
Vertebrate
H t
Ot er species
naturally infected
but not amplifiers
Dead-end hosts
:
Humans –epidemics of ’flu
like illness, encephalitis
os :
Horses
VEE - high viremia in horses –
movement control is appropriate
Epizootic VEEV infections
•
Equine pathogen
–
In natural outbreaks, equine cases precede human
•
Equids are primary amplifier for human infections
•
Expect simultaneous impact in bioterrorism event
•
Human pathogen
–
Adults experience influenza‐like illness
•
Attack rate nearly 100%
•
1‐5 day incubation, illness 1‐2 weeks
•
Malaise, spiking fever, rigors, severe headache,
photophobia, myalgia in legs and lumbosacral area
•
Nausea, vomiting, cough, sore throat, diarrhea