35 / 48
China
Australia
Iran
Niger
Ukraine
Spain
Uzbekistan
Morocco
Hazardous waste generation in 2001
as reported by the Parties
to the Basel Convention
Italy
Malaysia
Cuba
0
5
10
15
Million tonnes
Finland
Germany
United Kingdom
Kyrgyzstan
Ireland
Benin
Portugal
South Korea
Georgia
Sri Lanka
Estonia
Netherlands
Romania
Israel
Koweit
Cyprus
Saint Lucia
Source: Basel Convention
Norway
Bulgaria
Source: Basel Convention
34
35
Controlling hazardous waste
Hazardous waste needs to be monitored
and controlled from the moment the waste
is generated until its ultimate disposal.
Proper hazardous waste control requires a
plan to reduce the amount of waste gener-
ated or the toxicity of the waste produced.
The most environmentally sound and eco-
nomically efficient way of managing any
waste is not to generate it in the first place
(source reduction). The creation of hazard-
ous waste can be avoided, or limited, by
not mixing hazardous and non-hazardous
wastes or by changing some materials or
processes. Hazardous wastes can often
be recycled in an environmentally sound
manner. Wastes that cannot be recycled
must be treated to reduce the toxicity
and the ability of the constituents to move
throughout the environment. Treatment
residues must be safely stored to avoid
spills and leaks. (US Environmental Protec-
tion Agency).
0
5
10
15
20
25
Industrial waste
Bases
Oil water
Waste oil
Zinc
Copper
Lead
Acids
Asbestos
Clinical waste
Inorganic
Surface
Fluorine
Phenols
Non Halogenated
Tars
Phosphorous
Paints, Dyes
Production with cyanides
Chromium
Solvents
Resins, Glues
Metal carbonyls
Arsenic
Heat treatment
Photochemicals
Mercury
Halogenated
Biocides
Wood
Medicines
Furans
PCB
Beryllium
Antimony
Cadmium
Other
Tellurium
Ethers
Organic
Research
Explosives
Selenium
Dioxin
Global Hazardous waste generation
by type as reported by the Parties
to the Basel Convention
for the years 1993-2000
Million tonnes