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body of food production – does not have initiatives
for climate change adaptation. Currently there is no
consistent approach in implementing actions for food
security through the ENCC, nor does the national
authority in agriculture have any adaptation actions
that reflect the multisectoral nature of climate change.
Extensive efforts should be dedicated to creating
institutional arrangements that would tackle the
impacts of climate change on food production.
In
Peru
, the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation
(MINAGRI) has implemented the Plan for Risk
Management and Adaptation to Climate Change
in the Agricultural Sector (PLANGRACC- A) to
assess the impact of four extreme events (frost, hail
storm, flood, and drought) on 11 crops, four species
of livestock, and four species of grass. In addition,
a project on the construction, maintenance and
recovery of terraces combined with the conservation
of natural resources is expected to optimize farming
and generate environmental services for adaptation
to climate change and reduction of desertification.
However, Peru faces the challenge of linking the
results of sectoral policies. Another challenge is to
coordinate national and subnational levels to provide
consistency, constructive feedback, shared lessons,
and economies of scale in interventions.
Public health policy analyses
Bolivia
has not yet implemented climate change
adaptation policies in the public health sector, even
though there is evidence of climate change having
a wide-ranging impact on human health in the
country.
42
According to UNDP,
43
data gathering
and information systematization on climate change
impacts on human health are still in their early stages.
Colombia
’s Ministry of Health and Social Protection
(MSPS) has been leading several actions to assess the
sector’s vulnerability to climate change.
44
Since 2011,
MSPS has conducted several workshops to raise
awareness on climate change and environmental
health. It has also funded campaigns to monitor and
prevent vector-borne diseases (e.g. dengue fever),
which are increasing due to climate change.
45
In
addition, adaptation initiatives are part of the 10-
year Plan of Public Health 2012–2021, specifically
the Integral Risk Management in Emergencies and
Disasters component. The goals include greater
disaster risk management to reduce current and
future impacts of climate change.
The Ministry is preparing the sectoral plan for
climate change adaptation following the directives
of the National Climate Change Adaptation Plan
(Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social, 2012).
Moreover, theMSPS is formulating the environmental
health component of this plan, which is expected to
be fully implemented by 2015 throughout all of the
Regional Directorates of Health.
The
Ecuadorian
Ministry of Public Health, through
its Environment and Health Directorate, protects
human health from the impacts of climate change with
measures such as identifying the relationships between
climate change and the occurrence of malaria, dengue,
leishmaniasis and respiratory diseases. Between 2010
and 2012, the Control and Monitoring of Malaria
Colombia
1
1
1
0
0
1
Peru
1
0
0
0
0
0
Ecuador
1
0
0
0
0
0
Bolivia
0
0
0
0
0
0
Agriculture policy matrix
Sector
Adaptation goals
Adaptation targets
Implementation tools
Mountain adaptation
Regional considerations
Adaptation actions
0: Absence; 1: Presence.
Colombia
1
1
1
0
0
1
Peru
0
0
0
0
0
0
Ecuador
1
1
1
0
0
0
Bolivia
A
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Health policy matrix
Sector
Adaptation goals
Adaptation targets
Implementation tools
Mountain adaptation
Regional considerations
Adaptation actions
0: Absence; 1: Presence, NA: Not Available. Authors’ elaboration.