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Disease Programme has contributed to a 70 per cent
reduction in malaria diagnosis.
The Environment and Health Directorate supports
capacity-building
plans
for
environmental
and occupational health, and climate change.
Additionally, Ecuador has free health care, which is
a particularly important provision, especially for the
most vulnerable groups.
The
Peruvian
Health Ministry (MINSA) does not
have actions specifically directed towards climate
change. It does, however, have actions for disaster
risk management which include climate-related
events. These actions include the provision of health
care in the event of disasters. One example of the
increasing recognition of climate effects on health is
the participation of the Ministry in the Multisectoral
Plan for the El Niño phenomenon.
Disaster risk management policy analyses
Bolivia
’s Law 300 is a framework law which
addresses disaster risk management. Article 17°
specifies relevant sectors to be protected or to
have risks managed, with climate-related disasters
being referred to directly in subarticles (Asamblea
Legislativa Plurinacional de Bolivia, 2012). It is
possible that areas impacted by disasters related to
climate change will be targeted by funding recently
allocated by the World Bank in 2016 to implement
risk management and climate change adaptation
programmes (World Bank, 2015b).
Risk management is included in Bolivia’s
Patriotic Agenda’s section Strong Production and
Employment. The third strategy of the section
is Environmental Quality Management and
Integral Risk Management, which includes three
programmes: Disaster Prevention in vulnerable
sectors; Hydrometheorological information for
Risk Management, and National Sectoral System for
Risk Management and Early Warning (Ministerio
de Autonomías, 2013).
Colombia
understands risk management and
climate change adaptation as complementary
strategies, although the responsibility for these
rests with different institutions and thus requires
coordination (Departamento Nacional de
Planeación, Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo
Sostenible, 2013). The National Unit for Disaster
Risk Management (UNGRD) is the agency in
charge of disaster risk reduction, while SISCLIMA
(National Climate Change System) is the agency
responsible for climate change adaptation. The
existence of multiple organizations with partially
overlapping mandates has not led to joint actions at
the regional or local level, and better coordination is
required between these institutions and subnational
level authorities. Nevertheless, risk management has
been included in some projects in the agricultural,
land, hydric and energy sectors.
Ecuador
has mapped the susceptibility and risk of
mass movement processes using mapping analysis
and climate change scenarios. It has also identified
and started implementing at least three multipurpose
infrastructure projects to address extreme water
events caused by climate change. These infrastructure
projects include creating protection for riverbeds,
building retaining walls to reduce flood risk, and
digging drainage channels. In addition, Ecuador’s
National Plan for Risk and Emergency Prevention
incorporates measures to adapt to climate change.
Furthermore, three studies of flood control projects
have been conducted in the most sensitive areas of the
coastal region.
Peru
’s National System for Disaster Risk Management
(SINAGERD) is in charge of pre-and-post disaster
actions and is supported at the highest political
level.
46
SINAGERD coordinates the participation and
responsibilities of different ministries, including the
Ministry of the Environment and the National Service
of Meteorology and Hydrology (SENAMHI, 2014).
SINAGERD is responsible for both climate-driven and
non-climate-driven disasters (such as frost due to El
Niño) (see Table).
SINAGERD has only recently been created and so is not
tested in responding to extreme climatic events. However,
it is performing an important role in implementing
evidence-based responses to risk scenarios.
Strategic Instruments for Risk Management Action
Case study: legal framework for disaster risk management in Peru
Law N° 29664 to create
SINAGERD
Multisectoral Plan for Frost and Extreme Cold Spells 2015
Supreme Decree
N° 160-2015-PCM
47
Multisectoral Actions Plan in the event
of the El Niño Phenomenon
Multisectoral Actions Plan for the
rainy season 2015–2016
48