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INDEX
124
France, 43, 44–45, 52, 67
Free Officers, 51, 52–54
Garner, Jay,
100
, 101
Genghis Khan, 40
geographic regions, 22–23, 24–29
Ghazi (King), 48–49, 104
Governing Council of Iraq, 114,
116
, 117
government, 75–77, 99–101
See also
Free Officers
Great Britain, 43–44, 52, 55–56, 67, 71, 76–77,
104
ruling mandates of, 44–51
Great Shrine of al-Mutawakkil (Baghdad), 94
Gulf War (1991), 13–15, 17, 18,
21
, 65–67, 78,
84, 95–96, 103, 105–107
See also
foreign relations
Halabja,
14
, 15, 63
See also
Kurds
Hamid II,Abdul (Sultan), 43
history
and the Baath Party, 56–61
and the Free Officers, 51–56
and Islam, 36–40
Mesopotamian civilization, 19, 22, 33–36, 38,
40–42, 44
Ottoman Empire, 40–44, 46, 94, 95, 101
and ruling mandates, 44–51
and Saddam Hussein, 60–71
Hitler,Adolf, 49–50
Hülegü Khan, 40,
41
Hussein, Saddam, 17–18, 19, 75, 76,
77
, 95, 96,
99, 101, 102, 105, 108, 112, 115, 117
and the Baath Party, 55, 57, 58, 59–64, 101
capture and trial of, 119,
120, 121
–
122
invades Kuwait, 64–65
and the Kurds, 15–16, 63–64, 66–67, 84
U.S. support of (in the 1980s), 13, 62–63
and weapons inspections, 15–16, 68–71
Hussein (King),
106
, 107
Iran, 22, 47, 48–49, 59, 60–61, 67, 74, 101–103
Iran-IraqWar (1980-88),
14
, 15, 61–64, 78, 95,
102, 104, 105–106
Iraq
area, 21,
25
borders, 21–22,
25
climate,
25
, 30–31
creation of, by mandate, 44, 45–47
economy, 51, 77–81
election (January 2005), 122–124
foreign relations, 13, 76–77, 99–109
government, 75–77, 99–101
maps,
23
,
66
,
85
population, 27, 84,
85
,
88
, 93, 94, 95, 96
reconstruction of, 111–120
Iraq Petroleum Company, 48
See also
oil
Iraq Survey Group (ISG), 115–116
Iraqi Interim Government, 118–119
Iraqi Special War Crimes Tribunal, 121
Erbil, 79, 88, 96
Islam, 19, 36–40, 73–75
and art, 88, 89,
90
Shiite and Sunni split in, 38–39, 45–46, 47,
48, 61, 74
Israel, 50–51, 52
Jazirah region, 27–28
See also
geographic regions
Jordan, 21, 44, 50, 52–53, 104,
106
, 107
Kamel, Hussein, 69,
70
Karbala, 39, 40, 66, 97, 112
Karkheh River, 27
Karun River, 27
Kay, David, 116–117
Khomeini,Ayatollah Ruhollah, 60–61,
62
, 102
See also
Iran
Kirkuk, 48, 54, 59, 78, 79, 96
Koran.
See
Qur’an
Kurdistan, 29, 42, 47, 83–84, 96
Kurds,
14
, 29, 46, 47, 48, 54, 58, 59, 65–67,
83–84, 88, 95, 96, 103, 117
attacks against,
14
, 15–16, 56, 57, 63–64, 69
Kuwait, 21, 55–56, 62, 64, 67, 78, 104–106
invasion of, by Iraq, 13–14, 15, 64–65