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Level
Description
Level 1a
External validation in separate dataset in
other centre
using
new technology
Level 1b
External validation in separate dataset in
same centre
using
new technology
, OR
External validation in separate dataset in
other centre
using
standard technology
Level 2a External validation
in separate dataset in
same centre
using non-random dataset
Level 2b External validation
in separate dataset in
same centre
using random split dataset
Level 3
Development and internal validation
Level 4a
Multivariable model without any validation
Level 4b
Univariable model
NTCP-models
Levels of evidence