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■ Includes answers to comprehension questions to model good
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english at Key Stage 2
Our English textbooks for Key Stage 2 are written specifically for
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Each comprehensive textbook provides approximately three weeks’
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■ A coherent skills-based approach to teaching English from Years 3 to 6
■ Chapters clearly introduce each comprehension skill and provide immediate
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46
4Words of war
➜ Comprehension
Skill focus: Inference
In this chapter you will learn how to select
relevant and succinct evidence to back up your
answers to inference questions. You will also
learn how to embed your evidence into your
answer so that your sentences flow well.
Drawing inferences requires you touse your skillsof reasoning and
logic toworkout the answerbasedon clues from thepassage.You
have tofind these clues,put them together and comeupwith a
sensible answerbasedon them.Tobackup your answers,many
questionswill ask you to include thequotations from the text that
youused toput togetheryour answer.
Lookout for thesephrases,which indicate that youneed to include
quotations:
●Refer to the text (closely)
●Give reasons from the text
●Includequotations
●Support your answerwith evidence
● Support your answerwithwords andphrases from the text
When you includequotations, there are a few things to remember:
● Only include the relevantpartof thequotation.Youdonotneed
toquote full sentences.
●Alwaysput speechmarks (‘ ’or “ ”) around yourquotations.
867125_04_English_Y6_046-058.indd 46 25/11/16 7:32pm
Comprehension
47
●If thequotation is a fragmentof a sentence, you canuse an
ellipsis (…) to showwhere the sentencehasbeen cutoff.
●Use linkingwords andphrases so that yourquotationfits into
your sentence:
• suggests
• demonstrates
• shows
• such as
• for example
• as shownby
Here is an example:
Max inched into theheadmaster’soffice, taking tiny steps,hoping topostpone the
inevitable.His eyeswereglued to thefloor asMrKeller’sboomingvoice assaulted
his eardrums.With every angryword, anotherbeadof sweatmaterialisedonMax’s
stuttered, ‘I - I - I - I’m sorry, sir.’Hisvoicebarely audible,his apology ill-
received.Whenhewasfinallydismissed from theofficewith further furiousutterings
and theorderof aSaturdaydetention,his feet felt as if theywerenailed to thefloor,his
legs like lead.Hemanaged todraghimself from theoffice,up the stairs and into the
reliefof the cold crispwinter exhaled.Thebeadsof sweatwere replacedwith
salty tears.
1 How isMax feeling in thispassage? (6marks)
For6marksyouwillneed to identify two emotions,give
evidence for each and explainhow the evidence supports your
answer.
Possible evidence ishighlighted in thepassage.The answer
shouldonly include thehighlightedwords,not thewhole
sentence they are found in,and the evidence shouldbe
embedded into theflowof the sentence as shownbelow:
Max is clearlynervous (1mark) ashe ‘inched’ into the room taking
‘tiny steps’ (1mark).His slow speed suggests thathe is reluctant to
go in (1mark).
867125_04_English_Y6_046-058.indd 47 25/11/16 7:32pm English Year 6 – Chapter 4: Words of war
Functionsoflanguage
25
4 x-ray imageofblood vessels
5 fisherman
6 with sharp corners
●●Functions of language
The language of selling
The goblins in ‘GoblinMarket’ use very specific language techniques. They:
●● use a lot of imperative verb forms as if they were giving orders
(‘Come buy’)
●● make the product sound more attractive than it actually is (‘Bloom-
down-cheeked peaches’)
●● sound sincere and passionate (‘Sweet to the tongue and sound to
the eye’)
●● use language so fast and fluently that it confuses the customer.
(‘Taste them a try: Currants and gooseberries…’
Some advertisers will try to:
●● trick customers into buying something that is more expensive than
what they intended to buy
●● mislead customers
●● make their product sound better than it is.
There are currently laws which prevent advertisers deliberately
misleading customers about a product within the UK and Europe, at
least. Sellers are not allowed to browbeat people into buying things,
or sign agreements without allowing them time to think, for example.
Nonetheless, many TV advertisements, roadside hoardings, notices
in newspapers and magazines and all other forms of advertising use
imperative verb forms. And they twist language to make their products
sound more appealing than those of their rivals. Advertising slogans
such as ‘Beanz Meanz Heinz’, ‘Every little helps’ and ‘Think different’ are
interesting too. They use as few words as possible to say something
catchy about the product which everyone will remember. People in the
advertising industry are paid large sums to think up these slogans.
Exercise 2.10
Write an advertisement foroneormoreof the followingnewproducts:
●luminous shoelaces
●cakewhichmakesyou slim
●electric toenail clippers
●aholiday in a spacecraft
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71
Including facts inopinionwriting
1 Write adescriptionof the atmosphere inyour schoolon StValentine’sDay.
2 Write a story aboutpeople falling in lovewithotherpeople,with things,
placesorwith anythingyouwish.
3 Write a conversationbetween amother and son about the girlhe loves and
their future.This couldbeMrsWinthrop andAaron from SilasMarner, if you
wish.You could set thisout as afictionaldialogueor aplay scene.
4 Write in anyway you like, taking either ‘TheDarlingBudsofMay’or ‘Eternal
Lines toTime’as your title.
5 Write an article called ‘Dos anddon’ts for StValentine’sDay’as if for a
teenagemagazine.
6 Write apoem addressed to somethingor someone you love.Exercise9.5on
page126mighthelpyouwith this
7 Write a story about,or a factual accountof, someone in thepresentday
suffering (ordying) forhisorherbeliefs.
●●Including facts in opinion writing
The purpose of the passage in this chapter about St Valentine is to
give accurate information while combining it with a light-hearted
opinion piece that:
●● includes names and dates or statistics
●● is expressed logically in short paragraphs, moving from one point to
the next
●● has been carefully researched from several sources.
When you write a factual account:
●● make notes in your own words from your sources
●● decide how you are going to order your material, making a plan
with numbered points
●● keep your language neutral when expressing facts
●● make your sentences, in general, short and clear and your
paragraphs concise
●● similarly, in factual writing, short words are usually better than
long ones so, for example, use ‘start’ (not ‘commence’) or ‘buy’ (not
‘purchase)
●● edit your own work very thoroughly, removing unnecessary words
and making any long sentences clearer.
Writing practice Exercise 5.4
Writing
workshop
9781471867019.indb 71 11/16/16 6:34PM
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