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Recommendations
• A number of Trans Frontier Conservation
Areas can be found in the Basin:
• Kavango- Zambezi TFCA, covering Angola,
Botswana, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe;
• ZIMOZA, covering areas in Zimbabwe,
Mozambique and Zambia;
• Niassa-Selous TFCA, covering parts of
Mozambique and Tanzania;
• Lower Zambezi-Mana Pools, between
Zambia and Zimbabwe; and,
• Liuwa Plain-Kameia TFCA, which includes
areas in Angola and Zambia.
• Eleven of the 13 Zambezi river sub-basins are
transboundary in nature.
• Transboundary lakes include Lake Malawi/
Niassa/Nyasa and Lake Kariba.
• Invasion of alien species is a major threat in
Lake Kariba between Zambia and Zimbabwe.
• Planned inter-basin water transfers include
Bulawayo MatabelelandWater Supply Pipeline.
• Groundwater is the major source of water for
most of the population.
• More than half of the population does not have
access to safe water and improved sanitation.
• The Basin is prone to drought, floods and
water-related diseases such as cholera and
malaria.
• Mining activities cause serious environmental
problems. In the Zambian Copperbelt there
are 21 waste rock dumps with approximately
77 million tonnes generated fromunderground
shaft mining covering an area of 388 ha.
• The Protocol on the Facilitation of Movement
of Persons adopted by SADC in 2005 aims to
develop policies that facilitate the movement
of people and goods across borders in the
SADC region.
• The Kazungula bridge between Botswana
and Zambia, Katima Mulilo bridge between
Namibia and Botswana, as well as launch
of a One Stop Border Post at Chirundu
between Zambia and Zimbabwe are major
developments in facilitating the movement
of people and goods.
• Rapid population and urban growth in the
Zambezi River Basin must be aligned with
improvement in service delivery, particularly
in larger basin cities which have experienced
notable expansion in the last two decades.
• Tree-planting programmes need to be
strengthened in all basin states, moreso in
areas where notable loss of forest cover has
been observed.
• Sustainable fire management practices should
be strengthened particular during the dry
season due to the threats posed by wildfires.
• Decision-makers need to enhance efforts in
reversing the loss of biodiversity.
• Basin countries should increase percentage
of land area reserved for wildlife, as loss of
biodiversity is increasingly.
• Angola and Zimbabwe are encouraged to
become parties to the Ramsar Convention on
Wetlands to enhance wetland conservation
efforts in the basin.
• Angola is also encouraged to become party
to the Convention on International Trade
in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Flora to ensure that international trade in
specimens of wild animals and plants do not
threaten their survival in that country and
the neighbouring countries.
• As invasive species are a significant driver to
biodiversity loss in major water bodies basin
states are encouraged to adopt sound land
and water management practices to reduce
spread of alien species.
• Basin states should deepen their efforts in
moving towards sustainable development
through green economies and green growth as
adaptation andmitigation strategies to address
the impacts of climate change, as well as an
opportunity to create jobs and livelihoods.
• Basin states need to recognise the
importance of indigenous knowledge
systems in sustainable development and
when considering new climate change
adaptation strategies.