Zambezi River Basin

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i
Contents
Foreword ii
Preface v
Executive Summary vi
Acknowledgements viii
Acronyms ix
1. THE ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN 2
Overview of the Zambezi 4
Population 10
Land Cover and Land Use 12
Biodiversity 13
Water Resources 16
2. THE BASIN’S CHANGING ENVIRONMENT 32
The Growing Population and Shrinking Resource Base 34
Urbanization 36
Pollution 39
Mining 40
Environmental Dynamics 44
Deforestation 48
Forest Fires 52
Freshwater Resources 53
Wetlands 59
Invasive Alien Species 60
Wildlife 62
Human Health in a Changing Environment 63
3. THE ZAMBEZI: A SHARED RESOURCE 64
Ecosystems 66
Transboundary Conservation 68
Inter-Basin Water Transfers 72
Energy Resources 72
Movement of People, Goods and Services 73
Navigation in the Zambezi Basin 75
4. TRACKING PROGRESS TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 76
Angola 80
Botswana 84
Malawi 88
Mozambique 92
Namibia 96
Tanzania 100
Zambia 104
Zimbabwe 108
5. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND PLANNED DEVELOPMENTS 112
Institutional Arrangements and Policy 114
Planned Developments in the Zambezi Basin 119
Transport Routes 121
Conclusions and Recommendations 122
References 124
Editorial and Production 127
Workshop Participants 128
Profile of SARDC IMERCSA 129
Index 130