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i
Contents
Foreword
ii
Preface
v
Executive Summary
vi
Acknowledgements
viii
Acronyms
ix
1. THE ZAMBEZI RIVER BASIN
2
Overview of the Zambezi
4
Population
10
Land Cover and Land Use
12
Biodiversity
13
Water Resources
16
2. THE BASIN’S CHANGING ENVIRONMENT
32
The Growing Population and Shrinking Resource Base
34
Urbanization
36
Pollution
39
Mining
40
Environmental Dynamics
44
Deforestation
48
Forest Fires
52
Freshwater Resources
53
Wetlands
59
Invasive Alien Species
60
Wildlife
62
Human Health in a Changing Environment
63
3. THE ZAMBEZI: A SHARED RESOURCE
64
Ecosystems
66
Transboundary Conservation
68
Inter-Basin Water Transfers
72
Energy Resources
72
Movement of People, Goods and Services
73
Navigation in the Zambezi Basin
75
4. TRACKING PROGRESS TOWARDS ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
76
Angola
80
Botswana
84
Malawi
88
Mozambique
92
Namibia
96
Tanzania
100
Zambia
104
Zimbabwe
108
5. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND PLANNED DEVELOPMENTS
112
Institutional Arrangements and Policy
114
Planned Developments in the Zambezi Basin
119
Transport Routes
121
Conclusions and Recommendations
122
References
124
Editorial and Production
127
Workshop Participants
128
Profile of SARDC IMERCSA
129
Index
130