45 / 220
Table 1.
Characteristics of Studies
Study
Patients, n
Age, y
Male, %
Patient Characteristics
Scan Type Interpretation of Scan
Time from Treatment to
Scan
Reference Standard
Duration of Follow-up
QUADAS
Brkovich et al
11
2006
19 Mean, 58.6 (range, 47-74)
100 Various HNSCC; RT/CRT; primary site
confirmed disease free; neck disease only
PET NR
Mean, 8.95 wk (range, 7-12
wk)
Planned neck dissection
Mean, 11.5 mo (range, 8-24 mo)
12.5
Ceulemans et al
12
2001 40 Range, 34-80
83
Various HNSCC; RT
6
chemo
PET Visual
4 mo
Biopsy or clinical follow-up
.
4
mo
Median, 26 mo (range, 7-50 mo)
12
Chaiken et al
13
1993
14 Range, 23-84
64
Various HNSCC; RT, some symptomatic at
recurrence
PET Semiquantitative
2-120 wk
Pathology or clinical and imaging
follow-up
NR
10.5
Conessa et al
14
2004
42 Mean, 60 (range, 43-78)
88
Various HNSCC, stage II, III, IV; RT postchemo/
sx
PET Visual
3-6 mo
Biopsy or clinical and imaging
follow-up
Mean, 17 mo (range, 8-36 mo)
11
Fakhry et al
15
2006
61 Mean, 57.5 (range, 41-82)
85
Various HNSCC; Sx
1
RT/CRT/RT/CCRT
PET Semiquantitative
Mean, 3.5 mo (range, 2-5
mo)
Biopsy or clinical follow-up
.
6
mo
Mean, 7.4 mo (range, 6-14 mo)
11.5
Goerres et al
16
2000
28 Range, 28-82
75
Various HNSCC; M0 only; RT
6
chemo
6
neck
dissection
PET NR
Mean, 13 mo (range, 6-35
mo)
Biopsy or clinical follow-up 6 mo NR
11.5
Goerres et al
17
2004
26 Mean, 56 (range, 35-76)
96
Various HNSCC; stage III/IV; CCRT
PET Visual
Mean, 45 d (range, 40-59 d) Histopathology or clinical follow-
up 6 mo
NR
11
Gupta et al
18
2010
57 Median, 54 (range, 33-65)
89
OPX/HPX/LX HNSCC; RT
6
chemo
PET/CT Semiquantitative
Median, 9 wk (range, 5-39
wk)
Local: biopsy or clinical follow-up
12 mo
Nodal: FNAC
6
neck dissection
Median, 36 mo (range, 7-45 mo)
12.5
Inohara et al
19
2009
48 Mean, 43 (range, 41-48)
85
OPX/HPX/LX HNSCC; M0 only; CRT;
Asymptomatic at recurrence; neck disease
only
PET Visual
7 wk
Histopathology or clinical follow-
up 10 mo
Median, 20 mo (range, 10-41 mo)
12.5
Ito et al
20
2010
53 Mean, 59.4
68
Various HNSCC, stage III/IV; intra-arterial CRT PET Visual
8-12 wk
Biopsy or clinical and imaging
follow-up 9 mo
NR
12.5
Kim et al
21
2007
97 Median, 57 (range, 17-84)
88
Various HNSCC; M0 only; RT
6
chemo
PET Semiquantitative (cutoff: 3) 1 mo
Biopsy or clinical follow-up 6 mo Median, 20 mo (range, 6-30 mo)
12
Kishino et al
22
2012
28 Range, 40-83
89
Various HNSCC; CCRT
PET Visual
Median, 5 wk (range, 3-11
wk)
Biopsy/neck dissection or clinical
and imaging follow-up
Median, 39 mo (range, 12-65 mo)
11
Kitagawa et al
23
2003
23 Mean, 63.8 (range, 47-85)
78
Oral HNSCC; intra-arterial CRT
PET Semiquantitative
Mean, 38 d
Histopathology or clinical follow-
up 12 mo
NR
13
Kubota et al
24
2004
36 Range, 19-82
86
Various HNSCC; intra-arterial CRT;
symptomatic at recurrence
PET Visual
Median, 4 mo
Histopathology or clinical follow-
up 12 mo
NR
11.5
Li et al
25
2001
43 NR
NR Various HNSCC; RT
6
chemo
6
sx;
symptomatic at recurrence
PET Visual
Mean, 11 mo (range, 4-36
mo)
Biopsy or clinical follow-up 6 mo NR
11
McCollum et al
26
2004 40 Median, 54 (range, 29-78)
78
Various HNSCC; stage III/IV; induction chemo
1
CRT
PET Visual
4-12 wk
Histopathology
Median, 20.5 mo (range, 9.7-30
mo)
11
Moeller et al
27
2009
98 Mean, 58 (range, 36-79)
85
OPX/HPX/LX HNSCC; stage III/IV; RT
6
chemo
PET/CT Semiquantitative
(cutoff: local 6.5, nodal
2.8)
5-12 wk
Histopathology or clinical and
imaging follow-up 6 mo
Range, 37-122 wk
11.5
Mori et al
28
2011
65 Mean, 65 (range, 36-85)
88
Various HNSCC, CCRT
PET Semiquantitative
4-6 wk
Local: Hispathology
Nodal: FNAC
NR
12.5
Nam et al
29
2005
24 Median, 59 (range, 17-78)
96
Various HNSCC; M0 only; RT
PET Semiquantitative (cutoff: 3) 4-6 wk
Histopathology or clinical
follow-up 6 mo
Median, 12 mo (range, 7-16 mo)
10
Nayak et al
30
2007
43 NR
NR Various HNSCC; stage IV; M0 only; CRT; neck
disease only
PET/CT NR
2-5 mo
Histopathology/neck dissection or
clinical follow-up 5 mo
Median, 18.1 mo
11
Ng et al
31
2011
79 Mean, 52.4 (range, 33-74)
89
OPX/HPX HNSCC; stage II/III/IV; CCRT;
suspected recurrence
PET/CT Visual
Mean, 6.5 mo (range, 2.8-
35.6 mo)
Biopsy or clinical and imaging
follow-up 12 mo
NR
11.5
Porceddu et al
32
2005
39 Median, 55 (range, 37-89)
74
Various HNSCC; stage III/IV; RT
6
chemo;
symptomatic at recurrence
PET NR
Median, 12 wk (range, 8-32
wk)
Histopathology or clinical follow-
up 12 mo
Median, 34 mo (range, 16-86 mo)
10
Rege et al
33
1994
15 Range, 23-80
80
Various HNSCC; RT
6
chemo
PET Visual
2.5-192 wk
HIstopathology OR clinical
follow-up
NR
12
Rogers et al
34
2004
12 NR
NR Various HNSCC; stage III/IV; RT; neck disease
only
PET Visual
1 mo
Planned neck dissection
NR
12
Sjovall et al
35
2014
82 Median, 62 (range, 34-89)
76
OPX/HPX/LX HNSCC; stage III/IV; M0 only; RT
6
chemo
PET/CT Visual
Mean, 44 d
Endoscopy
6
biopsy or clinical
follow-up 9 mo
NR
11.5
Wang et al
36
2009
44 Median, 50 (range, 34-78)
95
Various HNSCC; induction chemo
1
CCRT PET Semiquantitative
Median, 16 wk (range, 12-17
wk)
Biopsy or clinical follow-up 12 mo NR
12.5
Yen et al
37
2006
39 Median, 51 (range, 15-79)
69
NPC; CCRT
PET Semiquantitative
3 mo
Histopathology or clinical and
imaging follow-up 12 mo
Mean, 24.2 mo (range, 11.1-40.6
mo)
11.5
Abbreviations: chemo, chemotherapy; CCRT, concurrent chemoradiotherapy; CRT, chemoradiotherapy; CT, computed tomography; FNAC, fine-needle aspiration cytology; HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; HPX, hypopharynx; LX, larynx; M0, no metastasis;
OPX, oropharynx; QUADAS, Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies; RT, radiotherapy; NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma; NR, not reported; PET, positron emission tomography; Sx, surgery.
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