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131
THE CREATION OF NEW STATES AND
DE FACTO
REGIMES, AND THE CASE OF CRIMEA
THE CREATION OF NEW STATES AND
DE FACTO
REGIMES, AND THE CASE OF CRIMEA
Jan Ondřej
Abstract:
So called
de facto
regimes are various entities which have certain features
of a state that often came into existence on the basis of a breach of international law
including the use of armed forces. It can be said that the legal and real situation are
not always in accordance.
De facto
regimes, however, can survive thanks to other
states or deployment of foreign armed forces. They will never be recognized by the
international community or a large number of states and will therefore remain in
isolation. Their existence depends on the support of a small number of states or
the superpowers which recognized them. An example is the so called the Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus, which came into existence as a result of military
action by Turkey on Cyprus in 1974.
Resumé:
Takzvané
de facto
režimy jsou různé útvary mající určité znaky státu, vznik-
ly však často i na základě porušení mezinárodního práva, včetně použití ozbrojené
síly. V této souvislosti je možné poznamenat, že právní a faktický stav nejsou vždy
v souladu.
De facto
režimy však mohou přežívat pouze díky cizím státům, případně
rozmístění cizích vojenských jednotek. Nebudou nikdy uznávány mezinárodním
společenstvím, nebo větším počtem států a zůstanou v izolaci. Jejich existence zá-
visí na podpoře malého počtu států, nebo mocností které je uznaly. Jako příklad je
možné uvést tzv. Severokyperskou tureckou republiku, která vznikla jako důsledek
vojenského zásahu Turecka na Kypru v roce 1974.
Key words:
De facto
regimes, statehood, recognition, subject of international law.
On the Author:
doc. JUDr. Jan Ondřej, CSc., DSc. is an Associate Professor
(Docent) of International Law at the Charles University Law Faculty in Prague
and Vice-Rector and Head of the Department of Law and Security at the Private
University College of Economics Studies, Ltd. in Prague. Mr. Ondřej is the author
of a textbook of International Public, Private and Trade Law (2014) and of many
publications on international spaces (space law, law of the sea, Antarctica), e.g. the
publication The Law of International Spaces (2004), disarmament and international
security, e.g. the publication Disarmament – Means of Ensuring the International
Security (2008). He also co-authored the publication International Humanitarian
Law (2010).