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131

THE CREATION OF NEW STATES AND

DE FACTO

REGIMES, AND THE CASE OF CRIMEA

THE CREATION OF NEW STATES AND

DE FACTO

REGIMES, AND THE CASE OF CRIMEA

Jan Ondřej

Abstract:

So called

de facto

regimes are various entities which have certain features

of a state that often came into existence on the basis of a breach of international law

including the use of armed forces. It can be said that the legal and real situation are

not always in accordance.

De facto

regimes, however, can survive thanks to other

states or deployment of foreign armed forces. They will never be recognized by the

international community or a large number of states and will therefore remain in

isolation. Their existence depends on the support of a small number of states or

the superpowers which recognized them. An example is the so called the Turkish

Republic of Northern Cyprus, which came into existence as a result of military

action by Turkey on Cyprus in 1974.

Resumé:

Takzvané

de facto

režimy jsou různé útvary mající určité znaky státu, vznik-

ly však často i na základě porušení mezinárodního práva, včetně použití ozbrojené

síly. V této souvislosti je možné poznamenat, že právní a faktický stav nejsou vždy

v souladu.

De facto

režimy však mohou přežívat pouze díky cizím státům, případně

rozmístění cizích vojenských jednotek. Nebudou nikdy uznávány mezinárodním

společenstvím, nebo větším počtem států a zůstanou v izolaci. Jejich existence zá-

visí na podpoře malého počtu států, nebo mocností které je uznaly. Jako příklad je

možné uvést tzv. Severokyperskou tureckou republiku, která vznikla jako důsledek

vojenského zásahu Turecka na Kypru v roce 1974.

Key words:

De facto

regimes, statehood, recognition, subject of international law.

On the Author:

doc. JUDr. Jan Ondřej, CSc., DSc. is an Associate Professor

(Docent) of International Law at the Charles University Law Faculty in Prague

and Vice-Rector and Head of the Department of Law and Security at the Private

University College of Economics Studies, Ltd. in Prague. Mr. Ondřej is the author

of a textbook of International Public, Private and Trade Law (2014) and of many

publications on international spaces (space law, law of the sea, Antarctica), e.g. the

publication The Law of International Spaces (2004), disarmament and international

security, e.g. the publication Disarmament – Means of Ensuring the International

Security (2008). He also co-authored the publication International Humanitarian

Law (2010).