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VICTIMS’ RIGHT TO REPARATION UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW…
VICTIMS’ RIGHT TO REPARATION UNDER
INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW:
ALSO AGAINST INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS?
Martin Faix
1
Abstract:
The contribution argues that there is an individual right to reparation, which
is applicable also against international organisations, having its source in international
customary law and its material basis in fundamental principles of international
responsibility, especially the obligation to provide reparation. In order to reach this
conclusion, the author considers in the first section a variety of arguments and positions
addressing the possible existence of an individual right to reparation against States
under conventional regimes, but also, especially, outside of conventional regimes.
Here the contribution pleads that under international human rights law a secondary
right to reparation is corollary to substantial, primary rights. The foundation for such
an understanding of the interconnection between primary and secondary rights under
human rights law is constituted by basic principles of international responsibility,
which include the obligation to provide reparation. The second part focuses on the
applicability of such a construct to international organisations, exploring possible
foundations for deriving the right to reparation, such as international conventions,
unilateral acts and general international law. It argues that, despite inconsistencies in
corresponding practice, basic principles of the regimen of international responsibility
are applicable also to international organisations, thus providing a legal foundation on
the basis of which a general right to reparation applicable also against international
organisations can be constructed.
Résumé:
Príspevok sa zaoberá problematikou práva osôb na odškodnenie voči me-
dzinárodným organizáciám za im pričitateľné porušenia ľudských práv. Oprávne-
ným subjektom tohto práva je jednotlivec, ktoré ľudské práva boli porušené a vý-
chodiskom, na ktorom stojí, sú základné zásady zodpovednosti v medzinárodnom
práve. Autor v príspevku najskôr skúma, či takéto právo existuje v prípadoch, kedy
nositeľom zodpovednostnej povinnosti je štát. Dospieva k záveru, že je zakotve-
né nielen v zmluvnej podobe, ale i v obyčajovom medzinárodnom práve i napriek
mnohým nejasnostiam, ktoré s ohľadom na jeho existenciu a parametry pretrvávajú.
Druhá časť príspevku je venovaná otázke, do akej miery je možné takýto záver pre-
niesť a aplikovať i na situácie, kedy je porušiteľom medzinárodná organizácia. Autor
1
This contribution builds upon and develops some of the ideas contained in: FAIX, Martin.
International Organizations, Human Rights and Accountability: Victims’ Right to Reparation as a
Litmus Test for Effective Implementation, In: BAEZ, Narciso/ŠTURMA, Pavel/MOZETIČ, Vinícius/
FAIX, Martin (eds.),
Mecanismos Internacionais e Internos de Effetividade dos Direitos Fundamentais
.
Joacaba: Editora UNOESC, 2014, pp. 197-221.