CYIL 2015

162

MARTIN FAIX

CYIL 6 ȍ2015Ȏ

analyzuje možnosti, ktoré pre zakotvenie práva na odškodnenie v kontexte medzi-

národných organizácií ponúkajú medzinárodné zmluvy a jednostranné právne akty.

V poslednom kroku uvádza možnosť a parametre prenositeľnosti zodpovednostnej

koncepcie, pričom na jej základe v závere dospieva k názoru, že i v prípade medzi-

národných organizácií je možné dovodiť existenciu povinnosti medzinárodnej or-

ganizácie k odškodneniu a s ním korešpondujúceho práva dotknutého jednotlivca.

Key words:

Right to reparation, international organisations, right to remedy, customary

international law, international responsibility, individuals

On the author:

JUDr. Martin Faix, PhD., MJI,

is a Senior Lecturer in International

Law at Palacký University in Olomouc, Faculty of Law, and at Charles University

in Prague, Faculty of Law. He was educated at universities in Giessen, Germany

(Dipl. Jur. Univ., 2006, MJI, 2009), Brisbane, Australia (2003) and Prague,

Czech Republic (PhD., 2011, JUDr., 2012). In his teaching and research Dr. Faix

focuses on the law of International Organisations (especially regional organisations),

International Human Rights Law and International Security Law (military operations

of international organisations).

1. Introduction and preliminary issues

In the postWorldWarTwo era international organisations grew to be multifunctional

entities vested with greatly increased functions and competences which concern many

areas of vital interest for the international community, including human rights.

From the

legal point of view, they are regarded as separate legal entities under international law,

and thus they are also generally able to bear obligations under human rights law. We

can observe a general tendency of shifting away from the state as the solely responsible

entity in the area of human rights and imposing (human rights) obligations on other

non-state actors, including international organisations.

However, this qualitative

and quantitative institutional evolution has also led to an increased ability of

international organisations to impact individuals and their legal position directly,

including by conduct amounting to a threat or even a breach of individuals’ rights,

as has occurred for example in the course of military operations, administration

of territories, imposing sanctions on individuals or adoption of policies. Thus the

starting point of this contribution is a simple one: international organisations have

International organisations have become important actors in promoting respect for human rights (and

the rule of law). They contributed significantly to the higher effectiveness of international human

rights law in many ways, but especially through the institutionalisation of its enforcement or providing

the framework for its codification. With regard to the influence of international organisations on

international law, see for example: VITZTHUM, W. Graf von (Hrsg.),

Völkerrecht,

2nd ed. Berlin:

Walter de Gruyter, 2001, pp. 279

et seqq.

LARSEN, Kjetil Mujezinović.

The human rights treaty obligations of peacekeepers

. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press, 2012, pp. 58-59.