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THE POLITICAL REALITIES AND LEGAL POSSIBILITIES CONCERNING …
An International Criminal Court (‘the Court’) is hereby established. It shall be a permanent
institution and shall have the power to exercise its jurisdiction over persons for the most
serious crimes of international concern, as referred to in this Statute, and shall be
complementary to national criminal jurisdictions. The jurisdiction and functioning of the
Court shall be governed by the provisions of this Statute.
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The principle of complementarity, while referring to national jurisdictions, shows
that the Court is not meant to overtake existing institutions, but to work with them.
Of course, there is no doubt that the Court was meant from the outset to also operate
in conjunction with the United Nations, including the Council. The Preamble of the
Statute lays out the Court’s aims and requirements:
Reaffirming the Purposes and Principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and …
Determined to these ends and for the sake of present and future generations, to establish
an independent permanent International Criminal Court in relationship with the
United Nations system, with jurisdiction over the most serious crimes of concern to the
international community…
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It is most important to note that the Court was given jurisdiction over the most
serious crimes in an effort to end impunity; but, for the purposes of this paper, we
will need to look directly at the crime of aggression, and what was concluded in
Kampala. However, we will first turn to the relationship between the Court and the
Council before moving on to the crime of aggression.
3. Conflict or Cooperation between Court and the Council
In order to understand the relationship between these two actors, the Principles
of Article 2 of the Negotiated Relationship Agreement between the International
Criminal Court and the United Nations, which govern the relationship between the
two institutions and give the Court a great deal of independence, are of particular
interest:
1. The United Nations recognizes the Court as an
independent permanent judicial
institution
which, in accordance with articles 1 and 4 of the Statute, has
international
legal personality
and
such legal capacity as may be necessary for the exercise of its functions
and the fulfilment of its purposes
.
2. The Court recognizes the responsibilities of the United Nations under the Charter.
3. The United Nations and the Court
respect each other’s status and mandate
.
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These provisions make it clear that the United Nations, including the Security
Council, should not jeopardize or overstep the mandate and workings of the Court,
unless of course it would threaten the United Nations’ own work. Of course, if an
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Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, July 17, 1998, U.N. Doc. A/CONF. 183/9 (1998),
art. 1 [hereinafter Rome Statute].
27
Id
. at Preamble.
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Negotiated Relationship Agreement between the International Criminal Court and the United Nations
ICC-ASP/3/Res.1 (2004), art. 2, emphasis added.