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54
CAROLLANN BRAUM
CYIL 6 ȍ2015Ȏ
investigation and prosecution by the Court would threaten international peace and
security, one can imagine a scenario where the Council would step in and prevent a
continuation of the proceedings. However, it is also very foreseeable, and has been
seen, that the Council, or rather a Permanent Member of the Council, might seek
to prevent an investigation and prosecution for political, rather than legal, reasons.
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Unfortunately, as the law seems to stand today, there are no mechanisms to ensure
that the Council does not act on political motivations alone. This leaves the Court
vulnerable to the politics of the Council, thereby making it subject to the whims of
the Permanent Members rather than being an independent judicial body as intended
by much of the international community.
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Accordingly, it is important to take a
closer look at whether the Court and the Council are in conflict in such a way that the
Council should have the ability to overstep the Court’s authority without any checks
on the Council’s motivation. If the Council does not have
carte blanche
, then absent
such checks it could be presumed that the Court should be left to run independently
and according to international law rather than the inclinations of the Council.
3.1 Ending Impunity vs. Maintaining Peace
There is no question that the Security Council has primary responsibility for
maintaining international peace and security in the world and the Court’s chief
function is to end impunity for those who commit the gravest crimes. The Council’s
role includes recognizing, preventing, or reacting to acts of aggression by one state
against another state, and the Court is designed to investigate individuals and punish
them should the evidence demonstrate that they are responsible for committing
certain crimes.
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Therefore, it can be said that the Court has a subsidiary purpose in
helping to ensure peace by ending impunity and thereby preventing future violence
through the threat of prosecution, which should not be seen as in conflict with the
Council. Similarly, a referral of a situation to the Court by the Council, which will
be explained in detail below, is not meant to substitute the Council’s other measures
to maintain or restore peace and security. In other words, the Court can be seen
as another possible tool for the Council to fulfill its own mandate. Any role in the
Court played by the Council should be meant to ensure accountability for serious
crimes, and to strengthen the general deterrent effect of international criminal law,
thereby leading to greater peace and security in the future.
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29
MOSS, cited above.
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BROOMHALL, Bruce,
International Justice & the International Criminal Court: Between Sovereignty
and the Rule of Law
, Oxford University Press, 2004, 160-61.
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SCHABAS, William A.,
An Introduction to the International Criminal Court
, Cambridge University
Press, 4
th
ed., 2012, ISBN 978-0-521-15195-5.
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Id
.