32-33 / 40
40
Hinduism forms the fth part of Section 3 in the exam.
You can choose to answer all three of your questions from this part, or you can
answer some questions from here and some from other parts of Section 3. You
should check with your teacher what to do before you sit the exam.
Remember that your answers should be between 50 and 60 words long. You
should
not
give your view or opinion on the topics.
7.1 Holy books
1
Describe themainHinduholybooks.
(6)
2
Outlinebriefly the storyof theMahabharata.
(6)
3
Explainwhat theVedas and Smritis are.
(6)
4
Outlinewhat theUpanishads are.
(6)
5
Outline the storyof theBhagavadGita.
(6)
7.2 Beliefs
1
OutlineHindu teachingonBrahman and atman.
(6)
2
Explainwhat ismeantby atman and samsara.
(6)
3
What isdharma?
(6)
4
ExplainHindu teachingon ahimsa and the environment.
(6)
5
ExplainHindu teachingon karma.
(6)
7.3 Caste and dharma
1
Explain theHindu teachingon caste anddharma.
(6)
2
Describe theHindu caste system.
(6)
3
Outline the four castes inHinduism.
(6)
4
ExplainwhatHindusbelieve aboutdharma.
(6)
5
Explain the relationshipbetween karma and caste.
(6)
7
Hinduism
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41
7
Hinduism
7.4 Goal
1
Explain theHindu teaching aboutmoksha (or goal in life).
(6)
2
Describehow aHindumay reachhisorher goal.
(6)
3
Describe the threepaths tomoksha.
(6)
4
Explainhow aHindumaybecome free from samsara.
(6)
5
Explain the relationshipof karma, jnana andbhakti tomoksha.
(6)
7.5 God
1
Describe theHindu teachingonGod andBrahman.
(6)
2
Describe
two
Hindudeities and their symbols.
(6)
3
WhatdoHindusbelieve about Shiva?
(6)
4
Outline the threepaths toGod.
(6)
5
DescribeVishnu andhis symbols.
(6)
7.6 From birth to death
1
Describe theHindu ceremonieswhen ababy isborn.
(6)
2
Describe theHindu sacred thread ceremony.
(6)
3
Describewhathappens at a typicalHinduwedding.
(6)
4
OutlineHindu teaching aboutdeath.
(6)
5
Describe a typicalHindu funeral.
(6)
7.7 Pilgrimage
1
Explain the importanceofpilgrimage forHindus.
(6)
2
Describe aplace aHindumight go toonpilgrimage.
(6)
3
Explainwhypilgrimage is a timeof spiritual cleansing forHindus.
(6)
4
DescribewhyVaranasi is an importantpilgrimage site forHindupilgrims.
(6)
5
ExplainwhyHindusmakepilgrimages to theGanges.
(6)
7.8 Festivals
1
Outline any
two
Hindu festivals.
(6)
2
Describe the festivalofDassehra.
(6)
3
Describewhathappensduring the festivalofDivali.
(6)
4
Outlinewhathappensduring the festivalsofHoli andNewYear.
(6)
5
Explainwhy festivals are important inHinduism.
(6)
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24
2
Interpreting the New
Testament
The biblical texts in
Section 2
of the examination are placed in two groups
according to
two broad themes
.
l
The
first theme
is ‘
Jesus’ teaching
’ and questions will ask you about his
teaching about the Kingdom of God (e.g. God’s rule on earth requiring
repentance and forgiveness), which Jesus illustrated through the use of
parables (stories and analogies) and various kinds of miracles (healing
and nature miracles). You should know and understand Jesus’ teaching on
prejudice, attitude to wealth, treatment of the marginalised and the nature
of sin. There are two questions set in this group of texts.
l
The
second theme
is ‘
Jesus’ life, death and resurrection
’ and questions
will ask you about the main events of Jesus’ life, from his birth, baptism
and choice of disciples to his final week before being crucified and then
resurrected. You should know and understand the historical and religious
background to these events. There are two questions set in this group
of texts.
You may decide to revise both groups to give yourself a choice of four
questions or you may prefer to revise only one group of texts, in which case
you will be limited to a choice of two questions.
Whatever you decide you must answer
one question
from Section 2.
Theme 1:
Jesus’ teaching
2.1
Zacchaeus
Read: Luke: 19: 1–10
Summaryof the story
l
Jesus was passing through
Jericho
.
l
Zacchaeus
was the
chief tax collector
and very wealthy.
l
He
climbed
a sycamore
tree
to see Jesus better because he was
short
.
l
When
Jesus
came to the tree he told him to
come down
.
Shortquestions
From theofficial vocabulary list,questionsmightbe asked such as:
Q.
Whatdoes salvationmean?
A.
Being saved andbrought into a relationshipwithGod
Q.
Whatdoes SonofManmean?
A.
Jesus’ role as theonewhowould suffer forothers
Q.
What is a sacrifice?
A.
Givingup something for somethingof greater value
1853371_02_Religious_Studies_RG_024-049.indd 24
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2 Interpreting theNewTestament
25
l
Jesus wanted to
stay at his house
straight away.
l
The
crowd
were
annoyed
that Jesus should want to stay with a ‘
sinner
’.
l
Zacchaeus immediately said he would give
half his possessions to
the poor
.
l
He said he would also
pay
all those
he had cheated
four times
the
amount he had stolen.
l
Jesus said that Zacchaeus had received
salvation
and was a son
of Abraham.
l
Jesus said, ‘The
Son of Man
came to seek and save what was lost’.
Key ideas
l
Tax collectors
in Jesus’ time were mistrusted because they worked for the
Romans and often
overtaxed
the ordinary people so they could become
rich. Tax collectors were
not trusted
and were called sinners.
l
‘
Sinners
’ refers to all those
excluded
from
the
Jewish Law
and therefore
shunned by religious people.
l
Jericho
was a
major
tax point
for people entering Palestine from
the east.
l
Zacchaeus
as chief tax collector was very rich because he had a share
in
all
the taxes
coming into Jericho.
l
Zacchaeus’
conscience
led him to make a big effort to see Jesus and
listen to his teaching.
l
Zacchaeus
repented
because he knew what he had done was wrong,
not
because he wanted social recognition
.
l
The fact that Jesus stayed with a sinner would have
shocked
the
religious people of Jericho because it would have made Jesus
religiously
unclean
.
l
Even though Zacchaeus was a sinner and worked for the Romans, Jesus
declares that he is a true Jew – a son of Abraham.
l
Jesus calls himself the
Son of Man
because his role is to
represent all
people to God
and prepare them for the
Kingdom of God
.
Contemporary issues and evaluation
Social justiceand treatmentof thepoor,andprejudiceanddiscrimination
ReadChapter3 section3.5on social justice and3.6onprejudice anddiscrimination
whenpreparing thispart.
Essayquestions
2.1
Dowehave aduty tohelpoutcasts today?
2.2
Did Jesus set abad exampleby stayingwithZacchaeus?
Points to consider areprovided at thebackof thebook.
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Religious Studies for Common Entrance 13+ Exam Practice Answers –
Chapter 7: Hinduism
100
7
Hinduism
7.1 Holy books
1
Hinduholybooks fall into two types: sruti and smritis.The srutibooks are the ancientbooks,
theVedas.Theyprovide knowledgeof theworld and arebelieved to come fromGod.TheRig
Veda is themost important.There are also theUpanishads,whichmeditateonBrahman.
The smritis include theMahabharata and theRamayana.
(6)
2
The story is about two families, theKurus and Pandavas.Pandubecomes kingbuthewants
tobe aholyman sohe giveshis kingdom and children (the Pandavas) tohisbrother to look
after.Buthisbrother’s children (theKurus) try to kill the Pandavas.Pandu’sbrother gives the
Pandavashalf the kingdombut theKurus steal it. In a greatbattle that follows the Pandavas
win itback.
(6)
3
TheVedas are themost importantholybooksof theHindus.They arewritten in Sanskrit,
althoughoriginally theywere learnedbyheart.There are fourbooksof theVedas,ofwhich
themostpopular is theRigVeda.TheVedas incl dehymns t thedeities.The smritis are
explanationsof theVedas,often through stories such as theRamayana.
(6)
4
TheUpanishads are sruti.Theymean literally ‘to sit at the feetof’and arediscussions
between teachers andpupils about the ideas contained in theVedas.They are in the form
ofpoemswrittenbyholymen andmeditateon important ideas such asBrahman and its
relationshipwith atman.There areover200Upanishads.
(6)
5
The story isabout cousinswhogo towaroverwho shouldbe thenext king.PrinceArjunadoes
notwant tofighthis relations soheasksKrishna,who isactingashis chariotdriver, foradvice.
Krishna sayshe shoulddohisdutybecausehis
cousinshavedonewrong.Hethereforefights
andwins thebattle.
(6)
7.2 Beliefs
1
Brahman refers to the eternal and invisible aspectofGod. It is theoriginof everything and
the spiritof everything, invisiblebut greater.Atman is the soulor essenceof a livingbeing.
It ispartofBrahman andwhen someonedies their jivatman eithermoves into another
bodyormerges intoBrahman.
(6)
2
Atman refers to the soul or essence of every living being.Atman is also an aspect of
Brahman,which means that humans can know Brahman because they know their atman.
Samsara means reincarnation, so when a person dies their atman transfers to another
body.Samsara also happens throughout life as our bodies change,but the atman remains
the same.
(6)
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101
7
Hinduism
3
Dharmameansdutyanddoingwhat ismorally right. Itexistseternallyandcanbeknown through
conscience,and through the readingof theHindu scriptures suchas theVedas,Upanishadsand
theBhagavadGita.Aperson’sdutyalsodependsonwhatcaste theybelong to.
(6)
4
Ahimsameansnon-violence.Noone shoulddeliberatelyharm a livingbeing.This isbecause
all livingbeingshave atman,which is an aspectofBrahman.Therefore toharm a livingbeing
is causingharm toBrahman andbrings aboutnegative karma.Humanshave aduty to look
afternature,especially animals.The earth is ‘ourmother’andmustbe respected.
(6)
5
Karmameans action and refers to the lawof cause and effect.Every action that isperformed
has consequences,both good andbad.A good lifemeans that thenext lifewillbehappier
orbetter;abad lifewill cause a less fortunate future life.Bad karmamightmean aperson is
reborn in a lower life form.
(6)
7.3 Caste and dharma
1
Caste is the social group into which a person is born.Dharma means holy law and is a
special duty,which depends partly on which caste you are born into.There are traditional
jobs associated with each caste, so it is the duty of every member to carry out the job of
his caste, such as the vaishyas who are skilled workers.
(6)
2
The caste system is theway society isdividedup into varnasor classes.There are four varnas
and eachone is associatedwithparticular tasksor jobs. It is thereforeone’sdharma to carry
out theseduties.The four varnas are:brahmins–priests and teachers;kshatriyas– rulers and
warriors;vaishyas– farmers and traders; shudras–unskilledworkers.
(6)
3
The four castesor varnas inHinduism are:brahmins–priests and teachers;kshatriyas– rulers
andwarriors;vaishyas– skilledworkers and traders; shudras–unskilledworkers.Each varna
has specialduties associatedwith that caste and it isone’sdharmaorduty to carry them
out. It is illegal in India today todiscriminate against someonebecauseof their caste.
(6)
4
Dharmameansduty.Dharma refers to the invisible lawof theuniverse,which governshow
itoperates. It is the EternalTruth.But it also refers to the specificdutiesof eachof the four
varnasor castes.Carryingoutone’sdharma affects your karma for the future in this life
andwhen reincarnated.Brahminshaveduties aspriests and as teachers.
(6)
5
Karmameans action and refers to the lawof cause and effect.Good actionshavepositive
karmic effects andbringbenefit in future lives.Apersonwill knowwhat is requiredof them
dependingon their casteor varna.For example,a vaishya knows as a trader thathehas
duties to trade fairlyotherwisehewill createbad karma.
(6)
7.4 Goal
1
Moksha is the goalof life and itmeans that aperson is released from the cycleof rebirthsor
samsara. Inorder to achieve this, the atmanor soulhas tobepurified.There are threepaths
tomoksha:karma,or goodworks;understanding and knowledge,or jnana;anddevotion to
God,orbhakti.
(6)
2
People canachieve theirgoal in life inanumberofways.First they can carryout theirdharma
according to their caste (varna).Thiswill creategood karmaandeventually release them from
samsara.They can seek knowledgeof jnana throughmeditationandunderstandingofexistence.
They canpractisebhakti through love,devotionandworshipofGod.
(6)
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Religious Studies for Common Entrance 13+ Revision Guide –
Chapter 2: Interpreting the New Testament
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