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that

the

only

perfectly

clean

food

factory

is

the

brewery,

and

beer

an

absolutely

clean

article

of

food.

The

average

composition

of

American

beer

is

5.29

per

cent,

extract,

consisting

chiefly

of

sugar,

dextrin,

albumen

and

min-

eral

substances,

and

.'5.82

per

cent,

by

weight

of

alcohol,

the

rest

being

water.

This

makes

a

content

of

about

i)

per

cent,

nutritive

matter.

The

solid

content

of

milk

runs

ordinarily

from

12

to

14

per

cent.

It is

thus

seen

that

beer

possesses

considerable

nutri-

tive

value.

It

is

chiefly

as a

food

relish,

however,

that

beer

maintains

that

great

popularity,

which

in

the

year

1913

showed

in

the

consumption

of

66,933,393

barrels.

It

is

thoroughly

understood

by

physiological

chemists

and

while

perhaps

not

.scientifically

understood

by

the

people

generally,

carried

out

in

practice

that

relishes

are

quite

as

important

in

the

nutrition

of

man

as

tho.se

articles

which

supply

the

chemical

constituents

recjuired

for

building

tissue

and

supplying

energy.

It

is

not

so

important

irhat

we

eat

as

hoiv

we

eat.

A

meal

enjoyed

"sets"

well.

The

best

meal

taken

without

relish, will

not

benefit

a

man.

Beer

supplies

relish

to

the

taste,

and

by

the

alcohol

content

stimulates

the

mind

and

enhances

the

social

pleasures

of

the

meal.

Therein

lies

its

chief

virtue.

By

the

moderate

stimulation

it

afl'ords,

it

gives

to

the

.system

the

relief

from

the

monotony

of

the

work-

a-day

world

which

every

normal

person

craves,

and,

satisfying

it

in

a

proper

way,

fore.stalLs

excess.

It

is

thus

one

of

the

most

effective

agencies

of

temperance.

It

would

be

unheard-of

to

conclude

an

article

on

beer

with-

out

saying

.something

of

its

history.

Much

has

been

written

on

that

subject,

but

it

was

never

dealt

with

in

a

really

thorough-

going

manner

until

Mr.

John

P.

Arnold,

of

Chicago,

published

his

book

on

the

"Origin

and

History

of

P>eer

and

Brewing,"

which

was was

gotten

out

in

1911

as

a

memorial

of

the

twenty-

fifth

anniversary

of

the

founding

of

the

Wahl

Henius

Institute

of

Fermentology.

A

few

passages

from

this

monumental

worlv

will

shed

a

better

light

on

the

anti(iuity

of

beer

in

the

history

of

the

human

race

and

its

intimate

entwining

with

the

customs

of

i)i'iniitive

society

than

could

any

other

statement.

Mr.

Arnold

shows

that

the

use

of

intoxicants

was

not

only

a

\ery

earl\-

practice,

but

most

closely

a.ssociated

with

religion.

Ceremonial

dances,

vapors

of a

narcotic

character,

and

intoxicants

of

various

kinds

were

early

employed

to

produce

those

states

of

spiritual

exaltation

or

self-hypnose

which

were

believed

to

place

man

in

direct

intercourse

with

deity.

The

following

quotations

are

from

Mr.

Arnold's

book

:

"Cerevisia

(the

Latin

name

for

beer),

to

judge

by

its

ety-

mological

derivation

and

its

history,

stood

originally

for

fer-