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CYIL 7 ȍ2016Ȏ
DO THE EUROPEANS HAVE THE RIGHT TO GET INFORMATION ABOUT…
Military security
implies the capability of a nation to defend itself and/or deter
military aggression.
Political security
is about the stability of the social order. It
specifically addresses threats to sovereignty. A country which lives in political
instability is an insecure country. These countries attract criminals, terrorists and all
those taking advantage of disorder. Political instability, as the State weakness, does
not enable a country’s institutions to function normally, and this causes disorder and
leads to underdevelopment. Barry Buzan defines
economic security
as the freedom to
exercise choice of policies to develop a nation’s economy in the manner desired. The
creation and protection of jobs that supply defence and non-defence needs are vital
to national security.
Social
or sometimes called
societal security
is about the survival of
a community as a cohesive unit; its referent object is “large scale collective identities
that can function independent of the state.”
11
And environmental security deals with
environmental issues which threaten the national security of a nation in any manner,
including transnational environmental problems that threaten a nation‘s security, in
its broad sense. These include global environmental problems such as climate change
due to global warming, deforestation and loss of biodiversity, etc.
12
If there is a security risk in these sectors, state, society, and its members are
affected to some extent. It can be noted that the content of the notion of national
security depends to a large extent on the state’s ability to retain its independence, identity
and functional integrity.
13
The threats may be distinguished into two conditional
groups. “External” threats are threats not depending on the will of a person (natural
calamities etc.) or do not depend on the will of a particular state or community
(nuclear conflict between two or more states, military intervention by foreign forces,
etc.). “Internal” threats – the economic and criminogenic situation in the state, social
security, the situation of ethnic minorities etc.
14
One of the fields that greatly influences state security is the field of environmental
security. B. Buzan states that environmental security deals with environmental issues
which threaten the national security of a nation in any manner, that is, transnational
environmental problems that threaten a nation‘s security, in its broad defined
sense. These include global environmental problems such as climate change due to
global warming, deforestation and loss of biodiversity, etc.
15
Environmental threats
are “usually less clear-cut and direct than the other types of threat […]. They are
[…] ‘threats without enemies’.”
16
The environmental threats may cause damage to
11
BARRY BUZAN, OLE WÆVER, JAAP DE WILDE
A New Framework for Analysis.
Lynne Rienner
Publishers, (1998) 22.
12
Ibid
.
13
BUZAN (supra n 9) 161.
14
Erika Matulionytė ‘Grėsmių nacionaliniam saugumui nustatymas ir jų prevencijos galimybės’. (2008)
4(106)
Jurisprudencija: Mokslo darbai
93, 94.
15
BUZAN (supra n 9) 52-53.
16
HOUGH (supra n 6) 32.