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1. Estimate the low dose (~2 Gy) age- gender- and organ-specific
relative risks from A-bomb survivors
2. Use standard models to
“
convert
”
these
low dose relative risks to apply to Western population / individual of
given age and gender
3. Extrapolate these low-dose risks to
fractionated high doses using mechanistic models
(initiation / killing / repopulation)
How to calculate cancer risks at high doses
Sachs&Brenner, PNAS 2005