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Existing Methods (General)
▪
Abundance of published methods, mainly using HPLC-UV or HPLC-MS
▪
UV/Vis spectrophotometry (Folin-Ciocalteu) used for total phenolic compounds
▪
HPTLC, CE-UV infrequently used
▪
Established methods include:
▪
Official methods of the United States Pharmacopeia and European Pharmacopoeia
▪
American Herbal Pharmacopoeia
▪
HPLC-UV for phenolic compounds in
Echinacea angustifolia
root
▪
HPLC-UV for phenolic compounds in
Echinacea pallida
root
▪
HPLC-UV for phenolic compounds in
Echinacea purpurea
root and herb
▪
SLV for phenolic compounds in
Echinacea angustifolia
,
Echinacea pallida
, and
Echinacea purpurea
root
and herb by Brown et al. (2011)
Official Methods
▪
United States Pharmacopeia
▪
Echinacea angustifolia
root, powdered root, and powdered extract: HPLC-UV for phenolic
compounds
▪
Echinacea pallida
root, powdered root, and powdered extract: HPLC-UV for phenolic
compounds
▪
Echinacea purpurea
root, powdered root, and powdered extract: HPLC-UV for phenolic
compounds
▪
European Pharmacopoeia
▪
Echinacea angustifolia
root (whole or cut): HPLC-UV for phenolic compounds
▪
Echinacea pallida
root (whole or cut): HPLC-UV for phenolic compounds
▪
Echinacea purpurea
root (whole or cut): HPLC-UV for phenolic compounds
▪
Echinacea purpurea
dried herb (whole or cut): HPLC-UV for phenolic compounds