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58
European Union and countries from South-East
Europe and the Black Sea region.
20
In October 2012,
the Energy Strategy of the Energy Community was
adopted; the first step towards streamlined and cost-
efficient energy infrastructure planning in the region.
The Strategy considers the impacts of climate change
in order to appropriately adapt the current energy
production and consumption patterns.
An Energy Efficiency Law has been adopted by
all countries, with the exception of the FBiH and
FYR Macedonia. Nevertheless, in FBiH, this law
is currently undergoing the adoption procedure
within parliament, while the Ministry of Economy
in FYR Macedonia has adopted certain energy
efficiency measures, including a Rulebook on
Energy Performance of Buildings and a Rulebook on
Labelling of Energy-Related Products.
Western Balkan countries submitted their first and
second NEEAPs, apart from BiH (pending its first
and second NEEAPs) and Albania (pending its
second NEEAP). Measures contained in the NEEAPs
are targeted at buildings, industry, appliances and
lighting, transportation, and agriculture. In addition,
there are horizontal measures which include
awareness-raising and training, innovative financing
schemes, metering and billing provisions, subsidies,
and fiscal measures. The NEEAPs of Albania, FYR
Macedonia, Serbia and the United Nations Interim
Administration Mission in Kosovo
1
(UNMIK)
foresee setting up National Energy Efficiency Funds
to contribute to the implementation of the NEEAPs.
Croatia has had an Environmental and Energy
Efficiency Fund in place since 2007, with one of the
most developed incentive systems in the region. The
Croatian NEEAP plans to establish energy efficiency
teams within units of local and regional authorities,
to ensure continuous monitoring of energy
consumption in their own facilities, implement
awareness-raising activities, and enable systematic
energy management and local energy planning.
It should be noted that adaptation measures in
the energy sector in the Western Balkans are not
explicitly indicated as such, and there are no specific
adaptation measures for mountainous areas. The
policies take into consideration sectors such as
industry, building, transport and the economy.
Gender issues are addressed in the policies.
Transportation, infrastructure and
communication
Transportation, infrastructure and communication
policies are key to economic growth and transition
in the Western Balkans region. The transportation
sector, in particular, has significant environmental
implications; an efficient transportation sector
would reduce the emissions of GHG and lessen
impacts of air pollutions on human health. While
the transportation system in South-Eastern Europe
has improved in recent years, standards are still
generally low, and in the region’s large, rapidly
growing cities, traffic is one of the main causes of
poor air quality. Among the problems contributing
to inefficiencies in the transportation sector are
ageing vehicles, poor vehicle maintenance, variable
fuel quality, the poor condition of many roads, and
frequent traffic congestion. In FYR Macedonia, BiH
and Serbia, the use of leaded fuel has been reduced
but not yet banned. Public transportation within
and between cities is inadequate, although demand
for it has grown steadily in recent years, and demand
for freight transportation doubled between 2001
and 2006.
TRANSPORT, INFRASTRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATION
Albania
Croatia
FYR
Macedonia
Montenegro
Serbia
Kosovo*
Regional
(Joint responses)
Bosnia
and Herzegovina
*This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/99 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence.
Policy Evaluation Matrix
Mainstreaming
of adaptation
goals and targets
Adaptation
targets
4
3
2
1
Availability of
implementation
tools
Mountain
adaptation
considerations
Regional/transboundary
adaptation considerations
Monitoring
and Evaluation
Participation
1- low or not considered at all
2- low or mentioned at least
3- somewhat integrated/present
4- high or fully integrated
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