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Figure 3.1 Bredrup’s performance management model [6]
In a similar way the holistic approach of Spangenberg consists of the five phases
of performance: planning, design, managing performance and improvement, reviewing
performance and rewarding performance (see Figure 3.2). Spangenberg organises them
into three different levels: organisations, processes or functions and teams or individuals.
On each level, different and interconnecting elements are assigned [49].
Figure 3.2 Spangenberg’s performance management model [49]
The learnings from the above presented overview of existing literature on
performance measurement and management and its interpretation are:
Performance consists of many dimensions according to the focal company and its
environment, which have to be integrated in the PMMS.