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2.
Zeaxanthin
o
β β carotene 3 3' diol;
dietary
, ‐
‐ , ‐
o
Zeaxanthin differs from lutein only by placement of single
double bond.
o
Commercial and supplemental roles
•
Also accumulates in human retina;
predominates in
macula lutea
•
Reportedly rescues AMD
•
Colors white egg yolks yellow
•
Colorant (E161h)
o
Structure
o
Proposed daily dose: 2 mg
3.
β‐Cryptoxanthin
o
(3R 3’R 6’R) β ε carotene 3 3’ diol;
dietary
,
,
‐ , ‐
‐ , ‐
o
Commercial and supplemental roles
•
Provitamin in humans; converted to vitamin A
•
Possible antioxidative DNA protection, bone health, others
•
Colorant (E161c) in Australia and New Zealand; not in US or EU
o
Structure
o
Proposed daily dose: 4 mg