319 / 374
DRINKS.
319
chief
of
these
offenders
\n
England
Is
the
root
of
the
succory,
chicory,
or
wild
endive
{Cichorium
Intybus),
which,
originally
wild,
is
now
extensively
cultivated
in
England
;
whilst
on
the
Continent
it
is
very
largely
grown
in
France,
Germany,
Belgium,
and
Holland,
and
both
home-grown
and
foreign
chicory
are
largely
in
our
market,
the
latter
fetching
the
higher
price.
It
does
not
taste
like
coffee,
nor
has
it
any
aroma
;
but,
when
roasted,
it
gives
a
dark
colour
to
water,
and
a
bitter
taste,
as
if
a
great
deal
of
coffee
had
been
used
;
and
for
this
purpose
it
must
have
been
first
used
in
the
old
coffee-houses.
But
it
is
a
question
whether
you
buy
pure
roasted
and
ground
chicory.
In
Germany
it
is
adulterated
largely
with
turnips
and
carrots,
whilst
Venetian
red
is
used
to
give
it
a
colour.
Notice
has
already
been
made
of
the
different
kinds
of
coffee,
but
not
the
West
African
species
—
the
Li-
berian
coffee
{Coffea
Liber
ica)
—
which
has
not,
as
yet,
come
into
common
use
in
England.
There
are
many
substitutes
for
coffee,
one
of
which
developed
a
few
years
since
into
a
large
commercial
undertaking,
but
eventually
collapsed.
It
was
Date
Coffee,
made
out
of
date
stones
roasted
and
ground.
Among
other
substances
used
in
lieu
of
coffee,
are
the
roasted
seeds
of
the
yellow
water-lily
i^Iris
pseudocorus)
;
the
seeds
of
a
Goumelia,
called
in
Turkey
Kenguel
;
roasted
acorns
and
beans,
chick
peas,
rye
and
other
grains,
nuts,
almonds,
and
dandelion
roots
[Leontodon
taraxa-
cum),
whilst
in
Africa
many
berries
are
used
in
its
stead.
J.
A.