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Charged particle contamination, separate modelling needed when pencil kernels
are derived from MC simulations
( )
2
,
r z
c
e
e zr
p
−
−
=
The parameters
,
, and
can be determined through
fitting to the difference
between measurements and
calculated photon dose.
Charged particle contamination kernel
4MV
24MV
A Ahnesjö and P Andreo (1989)
Phys Med Biol 34
, 1451-64.
calculation techniques: