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97
a continually changing world, including climate change
and land pressures. Changes in surrounding areas or in
the prevailing environmental conditions will influence
both the rate of recovery and ultimate restoration success.
Restoration needs to address a range of scales
from
intense hotspot restoration to large-scale restoration to
meet regional changes in land degradation. Degree of
biodiversity restored is often linked to quality of ser-
vices obtained and is intrinsically linked to successful
outcome.
Ensure that ecosystem restoration is implemented,
guided by experiences learned to date,
to ensure that
this tool is used appropriately and without unexpected
consequences, such as the unintended introduction of
invasive species and pests and sudden abandonment of
restoration targets in the process.
Apply ecosystem restoration
as an active policy option
for addressing challenges of health, water supply and
quality and wastewater management by improving water-
sheds and wetlands, enhancing natural filtration.
Apply ecosystem restoration
as an active policy option
for disaster prevention and mitigation from floods, tsuna-
mis, storms or drought. Coral reefs, mangroves, wetlands,
catchment forests and vegetation, marshes and natural ri-
parian vegetation provide some of the most efficient flood
and storm mitigation systems available and restoration of
these ecosystems should be a primary incentive in flood
risk and disaster mitigation planning.
Enhance further use of ecosystem restoration
as a
mean for carbon sequestration, adaptation to and miti-
gation of climate change. The restoration targets for se-
questration includes among other forests, wetlands, ma-
rine ecosystems such as mangroves, seagrasses and salt
marshes, and other land use practices.
Improve food security through ecosystem restoration.
Given the significance of food production and its relations
to biodiversity and ecosystems loss, expanded recommen-
dations are presented:
Strengthen natural pest control: Restoration of field
edges, crop diversity and wild crop relatives, forests and
wetlands is a tool for improving natural weed, pest and
disease control in agricultural production. This should
be combined with biological control including establish-
ment and facilitation of natural predator host plants and
insects, enzymes, mites or natural pathogens.
Improve and restore soil fertility: Research and Develop-
ment funds into agriculture should become a primary
investment source for financing restoration of lost and
degraded soils, improve soil fertility and water catch-
ment capacity, by investing in small-scale eco-agricul-
tural, agro-forestry- and intercropping systems
Support more diversified and resilient agricultural systems
that provide critical ecosystem services (water supply and
regulation, habitat for wild plants and animals, genetic di-
versity, pollination, pest control, climate regulation), as well
as adequate food to meet local and consumer needs. This
includes managing extreme rainfall and using inter-crop-
ping to minimize dependency on external inputs like artifi-
cial fertilizers, pesticides and blue irrigation water. Support
should also be provided for the development and imple-
mentation of green technology for small-scale farmers.
Improve irrigation systems and reduce evapo-transpira-
tion in intercropping and green technology irrigation or
rainfall capture systems.
Improve water supply and quality and wastewater man-
agement in rural, peri-urban, and urban areas through
restoration of field edges, riparian zones, forest cover in
catchments, extent of green areas and wetland restoration.
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e.