92 / 112
•
Open ashing
•
(Alkali) Fusion
•
Microdiffusion separation
•
Oxygen combustion
•
High pressure acid digestion
•
(Ultrasonic) Extraction/Protein precipitation/Ultracentrigugation
•
Distillation
•
Headspace (single-drop micro-extraction)
•
Derivatization
Some procedures are available for measuring total and/or free forms of fluoride
in milk products.
September 2016
5
References 8-9 are
listed in slide 16
•
Electrochemistry:
- Potentiometry (Fluoride Ion Selective Electrode : current method)
- Voltametry (Polarographic methods)
•
Chromatography:
- Ion Chromatography - Conductivity detection / Post- column reaction with
UV/VIS detector (anion current method)
- Headspace Gas Chromatography - FID / MS after derivatization
•
Spectroscopy:
- Spectrophotometry (for waters)
- Graphite furnace - MAS (most sensitive technique for fluoride)
- MIP-AES / ICP-MSMS
•
Titrimetry (Titration against thorium nitrate) column reaction
•
Sensors
September 2016
6
References 8-9 are
listed in slide 16