ResidentTraumaFINALhighres

G. Cricotracheal (Laryngotracheal) Separation.......................... 185

H. Emergency Airway Management............................................. 185

I. Selection of Airway Stents and Tracheotomy Tubes............186

1. Airway Stents...........................................................................186

2. Tracheotomy Tubes................................................................186

VII. Summary

...............................................................................................186

VIII. References

............................................................................................ 187

Chapter 9: Soft Tissue Injuries of the Face, Head, and Neck

.............188

Physical Examination

.........................................................................188

A. Perform Complete Head and Neck Exam at Presentation.... 189

1. Eyes............................................................................................. 189

2. Ears............................................................................................. 189

3. Nose............................................................................................ 189

4. Mouth......................................................................................... 189

5. Neck............................................................................................ 189

6. Scalp........................................................................................... 189

7. Cranial Nerves..........................................................................190

II. Diagnosis, Imaging Studies, and Laboratory Assessment

.....190

A. Diagnosis.........................................................................................190

B. Imaging Studies.............................................................................190

1. Plain Film Radiographs...........................................................190

2. Computed Tomography (CT)...............................................190

3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography......191

C. Laboratory Assessment................................................................191

1. Complete Blood Count............................................................191

2. Chemistries................................................................................191

3. Toxicology..................................................................................191

III. Surgical Decision-Making Principles

.............................................191

A. Timing of Wound Repair..............................................................191

1. Primary Closure........................................................................191

2. Delayed Primary Closure........................................................191

3. Closure by Secondary Intent................................................ 192

4. Adjunctive Therapies............................................................. 192

5. Post-Healing............................................................................. 192

B. Anesthesia Considerations......................................................... 192

1. Localized Tissue Injuries........................................................ 192

2. Extensive Injuries..................................................................... 193

C. Irrigation and Debridement........................................................ 193

1. Microdebridement..................................................................194

2. Macrodebridement.................................................................194