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Resident Manual of Trauma to the Face, Head, and Neck
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II. Indications of the Presence of Mandibular Fracture
...............101
A. Symptoms (Subjective)................................................................101
B. Signs (Objective)............................................................................101
1. Deformity ..................................................................................101
2. Pain ............................................................................................102
3. Tooth and Bone Fragment Hypermobility.........................102
4. Bleeding, Hematoma, and Swelling....................................102
5. Crepitus.....................................................................................102
6. Restricted Function.................................................................102
7. Sensory Disturbances............................................................102
III. Classification of Mandibular Fractures
.......................................102
A. Condyle Fractures ........................................................................104
1. Condylar Head or Intracapsular Fractures .......................105
2. Condylar Neck and Subcondylar Fractures .....................105
B. Fractures of the Mandibular Angle...........................................106
C. Fractures of the Mandibular Body............................................106
D. Fractures of the Symphysis and Parasymphysis...................106
E. Fractures of the Ramus................................................................ 107
F. Fractures of the Coronoid............................................................ 107
G. Alveolar (Dentoalveolar) Fractures.......................................... 107
H. Edentulous Fractures....................................................................108
1. Closed Reduction....................................................................108
2. Open Reduction.......................................................................108
IV. Diagnostic Evaluations
......................................................................108
A. Full-Body Trauma Assessment..................................................108
B. Trauma History..............................................................................108
C. Head and Neck Examination.......................................................110
D. Oral Examination............................................................................110
E. Occlusal Evaluation.......................................................................110
1. Angle Class I Occlusion..........................................................110
2. Angle Class II Occlusion..........................................................111
3. Angle Class III Occlusion........................................................111
4. Maximum Intercuspation........................................................111
5. Wear Facets................................................................................111
6. Overjet and Overbite............................................................... 112
7. Skeletal Malocclusion............................................................. 112
8. Dental Malocclusion............................................................... 112
9. Mesial.......................................................................................... 112
10. Distal........................................................................................... 112
11. Crossbite.................................................................................... 112
12. Centric Occlusion and Centric Relation............................. 112
13. Vertical Dimension of Occlusion.......................................... 112
14. Identification of Adult and Pediatric Teeth........................ 113